one-to-many relationship

Read the article here...

http://www.databaseprimer.com/relationship_1tox.html

To illustrate the one-to-many relationship consider the table of sampling plan and data below:
authors table
============
author_id (primary key)
LastName
FirstName
book_id (foreign key - link to table books book_id)


table Books
===========
book_id (primary key)
title
author_id  lastname  firstname   ->     book_id  title
---------  --------  ---------   ->     -------  ------
0001       henry     john        ->     0001     a database primer
                                        0002     building datawarehouse
                                        0003     teach yourself sql
0002       johnson   mary        ->     0004     101 exotic recipes
0003       bailey    harry       ->     0005     visiting europe
0004       smith     adam
then how the data on the "authors" table columns 'author_id' and 'book_d '?

don't know how to frame the table 'authors '...

It would become the relation 1-1... is it normal?

Please help how data will be in the "authors" table

Thank you

You do not want to have a database template that you have illustrated below. Why? Well to start tt does not pass even the first normal form. Secondly, if you had ever updated the author's name, you will need to update in several places, which could lead to problems of data integrity. A database designed to reduce redundancy, the structure that you have proposed increases it.

If you had been modelling a one-to-many relationship, it would be more appropriate:

CREATE TABLE authors
( author_id  NUMBER        PRIMARY KEY
, last_name  VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL
, first_name VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE books
( book_id NUMBER        PRIMARY KEY
, title   VARCHAR2(200)
);

CREATE TABLE authors_of_books
( author_id NUMBER NOT NULL REFERENCES authors(author_id)
, book_id   NUMBER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES books(book_id)
);

This models your one-to-many relationship with a "join" table or "bridge." The drawing above gives you the ability to change the author freely or to book the title attributes in the same place increases your data integrity.

However, a many-to-many relationship may be more appropriate since multiple authors can write a book. So you would change the tables authors_of_books as follows:

CREATE TABLE authors_of_books
( author_id NUMBER NOT NULL REFERENCES authors(author_id)
, book_id   NUMBER NOT NULL REFERENCES books(book_id)
, CONSTRAINT authors_of_books_pk PRIMARY KEY (author_id, book_id)
);

I hope this helps!

Tags: Database

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    CREATE TABLE SUBMISSION
    ( SUBMISSION_ID             NUMBER(10)          NOT NULL,
      SUBMISSION_NAME           VARCHAR2(100)       NOT NULL
    );
     
    CREATE TABLE ADVISOR_TYPE
    ( ADVISOR_TYPE_ID           NUMBER(10)          NOT NULL,
      ADVISOR_TYPE_NAME         VARCHAR2(50)        NOT NULL
    );
      
    CREATE TABLE SUBMISSION_ADVISORS
    ( SUBMISSION_ADVISORS_ID    NUMBER(10)          NOT NULL,
      SUBMISSION_ID             NUMBER(10)          NOT NULL,
      ADVISOR_TYPE_ID           NUMBER(10)          NOT NULL,
      FIRST_NAME                VARCHAR(50)         NULL,
      LAST_NAME                 VARCHAR(50)         NULL,
      SUFFIX                    VARCHAR(20)         NULL
    );
    
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    INSERT INTO SUBMISSION (SUBMISSION_ID, SUBMISSION_NAME) VALUES (2, 'Thesis on 17th Century Weather Patterns');
    INSERT INTO SUBMISSION (SUBMISSION_ID, SUBMISSION_NAME) VALUES (3, 'Statistical Analysis on Sunny Days in March');
    
    INSERT INTO ADVISOR_TYPE (ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_NAME) VALUES (1, 'Department Chair');
    INSERT INTO ADVISOR_TYPE (ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_NAME) VALUES (2, 'Department Co-Chair');
    INSERT INTO ADVISOR_TYPE (ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_NAME) VALUES (3, 'Professor');
    INSERT INTO ADVISOR_TYPE (ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_NAME) VALUES (4, 'Associate Professor');
    INSERT INTO ADVISOR_TYPE (ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_NAME) VALUES (5, 'Scientist');
    
    INSERT INTO SUBMISSION_ADVISORS (SUBMISSION_ADVISORS_ID, SUBMISSION_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SUFFIX) VALUES (1,1,2,'John', 'Doe', 'PhD');
    INSERT INTO SUBMISSION_ADVISORS (SUBMISSION_ADVISORS_ID, SUBMISSION_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SUFFIX) VALUES (2,1,2,'Jane', 'Doe', 'PhD');
    INSERT INTO SUBMISSION_ADVISORS (SUBMISSION_ADVISORS_ID, SUBMISSION_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SUFFIX) VALUES (3,2,3,'Johan', 'Smith', NULL);
    INSERT INTO SUBMISSION_ADVISORS (SUBMISSION_ADVISORS_ID, SUBMISSION_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SUFFIX) VALUES (4,2,4,'Magnus', 'Jackson', 'MS');
    INSERT INTO SUBMISSION_ADVISORS (SUBMISSION_ADVISORS_ID, SUBMISSION_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SUFFIX) VALUES (5,3,5,'Williard', 'Forsberg', 'AMS');
     
    COMMIT;
    I want to be able to create a text index to group these fields:

    SUBMISSION_ADVISORS. FIRST NAME
    SUBMISSION_ADVISORS. LAST_NAME
    SUBMISSION_ADVISORS. SUFFIX
    ADVISOR_TYPE. ADVISOR_TYPE_NAME

    I looked at DETAIL_DATASTORE and USER_DATASTORE, but examples of Oracle Docs for DETAIL_DATASTORE leave me a little confused. It seems that this should be fairly simple.

    Ideally, I try to avoid creating new columns and keeping a minimum shutter adjustments. But I'm open to any suggestion. Thanks for your time and your thoughts.

    -Jamie

    I would create a procedure that creates a virtual with labels document, what is the multi_column_datatstore behind the scenes. Then I would like to use this procedure in a user_datastore, so the result is the same for several tables as a multi_column_datastore for a table. I would use auto_section_group or another type of Group of sections, so that you can search from WITHIN as with the multi_column_datastore. Please see the demo below.

    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> -- tables and data that you provided:
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> CREATE TABLE SUBMISSION
      2  ( SUBMISSION_ID           NUMBER(10)          NOT NULL,
      3    SUBMISSION_NAME           VARCHAR2(100)          NOT NULL
      4  )
      5  /
    
    Table created.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> CREATE TABLE ADVISOR_TYPE
      2  ( ADVISOR_TYPE_ID           NUMBER(10)          NOT NULL,
      3    ADVISOR_TYPE_NAME      VARCHAR2(50)          NOT NULL
      4  )
      5  /
    
    Table created.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> CREATE TABLE SUBMISSION_ADVISORS
      2  ( SUBMISSION_ADVISORS_ID      NUMBER(10)          NOT NULL,
      3    SUBMISSION_ID           NUMBER(10)          NOT NULL,
      4    ADVISOR_TYPE_ID           NUMBER(10)          NOT NULL,
      5    FIRST_NAME           VARCHAR(50)          NULL,
      6    LAST_NAME           VARCHAR(50)          NULL,
      7    SUFFIX                VARCHAR(20)          NULL
      8  )
      9  /
    
    Table created.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> INSERT ALL
      2  INTO SUBMISSION (SUBMISSION_ID, SUBMISSION_NAME)
      3    VALUES (1, 'Some Research Paper')
      4  INTO SUBMISSION (SUBMISSION_ID, SUBMISSION_NAME)
      5    VALUES (2, 'Thesis on 17th Century Weather Patterns')
      6  INTO SUBMISSION (SUBMISSION_ID, SUBMISSION_NAME)
      7    VALUES (3, 'Statistical Analysis on Sunny Days in March')
      8  SELECT * FROM DUAL
      9  /
    
    3 rows created.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> INSERT ALL
      2  INTO ADVISOR_TYPE (ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_NAME)
      3    VALUES (1, 'Department Chair')
      4  INTO ADVISOR_TYPE (ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_NAME)
      5    VALUES (2, 'Department Co-Chair')
      6  INTO ADVISOR_TYPE (ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_NAME)
      7    VALUES (3, 'Professor')
      8  INTO ADVISOR_TYPE (ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_NAME)
      9    VALUES (4, 'Associate Professor')
     10  INTO ADVISOR_TYPE (ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_NAME)
     11    VALUES (5, 'Scientist')
     12  SELECT * FROM DUAL
     13  /
    
    5 rows created.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> INSERT ALL
      2  INTO SUBMISSION_ADVISORS (SUBMISSION_ADVISORS_ID, SUBMISSION_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SUFFIX)
      3    VALUES (1,1,2,'John', 'Doe', 'PhD')
      4  INTO SUBMISSION_ADVISORS (SUBMISSION_ADVISORS_ID, SUBMISSION_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SUFFIX)
      5    VALUES (2,1,2,'Jane', 'Doe', 'PhD')
      6  INTO SUBMISSION_ADVISORS (SUBMISSION_ADVISORS_ID, SUBMISSION_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SUFFIX)
      7    VALUES (3,2,3,'Johan', 'Smith', NULL)
      8  INTO SUBMISSION_ADVISORS (SUBMISSION_ADVISORS_ID, SUBMISSION_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SUFFIX)
      9    VALUES (4,2,4,'Magnus', 'Jackson', 'MS')
     10  INTO SUBMISSION_ADVISORS (SUBMISSION_ADVISORS_ID, SUBMISSION_ID, ADVISOR_TYPE_ID, FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SUFFIX)
     11    VALUES (5,3,5,'Williard', 'Forsberg', 'AMS')
     12  SELECT * FROM DUAL
     13  /
    
    5 rows created.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> -- constraints presumed based on your description:
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> ALTER TABLE submission ADD CONSTRAINT submission_id_pk
      2    PRIMARY KEY (submission_id)
      3  /
    
    Table altered.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> ALTER TABLE advisor_type ADD CONSTRAINT advisor_type_id_pk
      2    PRIMARY KEY (advisor_type_id)
      3  /
    
    Table altered.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> ALTER TABLE submission_advisors ADD CONSTRAINT submission_advisors_id_pk
      2    PRIMARY KEY (submission_advisors_id)
      3  /
    
    Table altered.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> ALTER TABLE submission_advisors ADD CONSTRAINT submission_id_fk
      2    FOREIGN KEY (submission_id) REFERENCES submission (submission_id)
      3  /
    
    Table altered.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> ALTER TABLE submission_advisors ADD CONSTRAINT advisor_type_id_fk
      2    FOREIGN KEY (advisor_type_id) REFERENCES advisor_type (advisor_type_id)
      3  /
    
    Table altered.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> -- resulting data:
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> COLUMN submission_name FORMAT A45
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> COLUMN advisor      FORMAT A40
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> SELECT s.submission_name,
      2           a.advisor_type_name || ' ' ||
      3           sa.first_name || ' ' ||
      4           sa.last_name || ' ' ||
      5           sa.suffix AS advisor
      6  FROM   submission_advisors sa,
      7           submission s,
      8           advisor_type a
      9  WHERE  sa.advisor_type_id = a.advisor_type_id
     10  AND    sa.submission_id = s.submission_id
     11  /
    
    SUBMISSION_NAME                               ADVISOR
    --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
    Some Research Paper                           Department Co-Chair John Doe PhD
    Some Research Paper                           Department Co-Chair Jane Doe PhD
    Thesis on 17th Century Weather Patterns       Professor Johan Smith
    Thesis on 17th Century Weather Patterns       Associate Professor Magnus Jackson MS
    Statistical Analysis on Sunny Days in March   Scientist Williard Forsberg AMS
    
    5 rows selected.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> -- procedure to create virtual documents:
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE submission_advisors_proc
      2    (p_rowid IN           ROWID,
      3       p_clob     IN OUT NOCOPY CLOB)
      4  AS
      5  BEGIN
      6    FOR r1 IN
      7        (SELECT *
      8         FROM      submission_advisors
      9         WHERE  ROWID = p_rowid)
     10    LOOP
     11        IF r1.first_name IS NOT NULL THEN
     12          DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND (p_clob, 12, '');
     13          DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND (p_clob, LENGTH (r1.first_name), r1.first_name);
     14          DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND (p_clob, 13, '');
     15        END IF;
     16        IF r1.last_name IS NOT NULL THEN
     17          DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND (p_clob, 11, '');
     18          DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND (p_clob, LENGTH (r1.last_name), r1.last_name);
     19          DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND (p_clob, 12, '');
     20        END IF;
     21        IF r1.suffix IS NOT NULL THEN
     22          DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND (p_clob, 8, '');
     23          DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND (p_clob, LENGTH (r1.suffix), r1.suffix);
     24          DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND (p_clob, 9, '');
     25        END IF;
     26        FOR r2 IN
     27          (SELECT *
     28           FROM   submission
     29           WHERE  submission_id = r1.submission_id)
     30        LOOP
     31          DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND (p_clob, 17, '');
     32          DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND (p_clob, LENGTH (r2.submission_name), r2.submission_name);
     33          DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND (p_clob, 18, '');
     34        END LOOP;
     35        FOR r3 IN
     36          (SELECT *
     37           FROM   advisor_type
     38           WHERE  advisor_type_id = r1.advisor_type_id)
     39        LOOP
     40          DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND (p_clob, 19, '');
     41          DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND (p_clob, LENGTH (r3.advisor_type_name), r3.advisor_type_name);
     42          DBMS_LOB.WRITEAPPEND (p_clob, 20, '');
     43        END LOOP;
     44    END LOOP;
     45  END submission_advisors_proc;
     46  /
    
    Procedure created.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> SHOW ERRORS
    No errors.
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> -- examples of virtual documents that procedure creates:
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> DECLARE
      2    v_clob  CLOB := EMPTY_CLOB();
      3  BEGIN
      4    FOR r IN
      5        (SELECT ROWID rid FROM submission_advisors)
      6    LOOP
      7        DBMS_LOB.CREATETEMPORARY (v_clob, TRUE);
      8        submission_advisors_proc (r.rid, v_clob);
      9        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (v_clob);
     10        DBMS_LOB.FREETEMPORARY (v_clob);
     11    END LOOP;
     12  END;
     13  /
    JohnDoePhDSome
    Research PaperDepartment Co-Chair
    JaneDoePhDSome
    Research PaperDepartment Co-Chair
    JohanSmithThesis on 17th Century
    Weather PatternsProfessor
    MagnusJacksonMSThe
    sis on 17th Century Weather PatternsAssociate
    Professor
    WilliardForsbergAMS
    

    Statistical Analysis on Sunny Days in

    MarchScientist
    
    PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
    
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    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> BEGIN
      2    CTX_DDL.CREATE_PREFERENCE ('sa_datastore', 'USER_DATASTORE');
      3    CTX_DDL.SET_ATTRIBUTE ('sa_datastore', 'PROCEDURE', 'submission_advisors_proc');
      4  END;
      5  /
    
    PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> -- index (on optional extra column) that uses user_datastore and section group:
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> ALTER TABLE submission_advisors ADD (any_column VARCHAR2(1))
      2  /
    
    Table altered.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> CREATE INDEX submission_advisors_idx
      2  ON submission_advisors (any_column)
      3  INDEXTYPE IS CTXSYS.CONTEXT
      4  PARAMETERS
      5    ('DATASTORE     sa_datastore
      6        SECTION GROUP     CTXSYS.AUTO_SECTION_GROUP')
      7  /
    
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      2  /
    
    TOKEN_TEXT
    ----------------------------------------------------------------
    17TH
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    AMS
    ANALYSIS
    ASSOCIATE
    CENTURY
    CHAIR
    CO
    DAYS
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    DOE
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    JANE
    JOHAN
    JOHN
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    RESEARCH
    SCIENTIST
    SMITH
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    PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> SELECT s.submission_name,
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     12  /
    
    SUBMISSION_NAME                               ADVISOR
    --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
    Thesis on 17th Century Weather Patterns       Professor Johan Smith
    Thesis on 17th Century Weather Patterns       Associate Professor Magnus Jackson MS
    
    2 rows selected.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> EXEC :search_string := 'doe'
    
    PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> /
    
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    --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
    Some Research Paper                           Department Co-Chair John Doe PhD
    Some Research Paper                           Department Co-Chair Jane Doe PhD
    
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    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> EXEC :search_string := 'paper'
    
    PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> /
    
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    --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
    Some Research Paper                           Department Co-Chair John Doe PhD
    Some Research Paper                           Department Co-Chair Jane Doe PhD
    
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    PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> SELECT s.submission_name,
      2           a.advisor_type_name || ' ' ||
      3           sa.first_name || ' ' ||
      4           sa.last_name || ' ' ||
      5           sa.suffix AS advisor
      6  FROM   submission_advisors sa,
      7           submission s,
      8           advisor_type a
      9  WHERE  CONTAINS (sa.any_column, :search_string || ' WITHIN advisor_type_name') > 0
     10  AND    sa.advisor_type_id = a.advisor_type_id
     11  AND    sa.submission_id = s.submission_id
     12  /
    
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    --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
    Some Research Paper                           Department Co-Chair John Doe PhD
    Some Research Paper                           Department Co-Chair Jane Doe PhD
    
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    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> EXEC :search_string := 'phd'
    
    PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> SELECT s.submission_name,
      2           a.advisor_type_name || ' ' ||
      3           sa.first_name || ' ' ||
      4           sa.last_name || ' ' ||
      5           sa.suffix AS advisor
      6  FROM   submission_advisors sa,
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      8           advisor_type a
      9  WHERE  CONTAINS (sa.any_column, :search_string || ' WITHIN suffix') > 0
     10  AND    sa.advisor_type_id = a.advisor_type_id
     11  AND    sa.submission_id = s.submission_id
     12  /
    
    SUBMISSION_NAME                               ADVISOR
    --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
    Some Research Paper                           Department Co-Chair John Doe PhD
    Some Research Paper                           Department Co-Chair Jane Doe PhD
    
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    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> EXEC :search_string := 'weather'
    
    PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
    
    SCOTT@orcl_11gR2> SELECT s.submission_name,
      2           a.advisor_type_name || ' ' ||
      3           sa.first_name || ' ' ||
      4           sa.last_name || ' ' ||
      5           sa.suffix AS advisor
      6  FROM   submission_advisors sa,
      7           submission s,
      8           advisor_type a
      9  WHERE  CONTAINS (sa.any_column, :search_string || ' WITHIN submission_name') > 0
     10  AND    sa.advisor_type_id = a.advisor_type_id
     11  AND    sa.submission_id = s.submission_id
     12  /
    
    SUBMISSION_NAME                               ADVISOR
    --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
    Thesis on 17th Century Weather Patterns       Professor Johan Smith
    Thesis on 17th Century Weather Patterns       Associate Professor Magnus Jackson MS
    
    2 rows selected.
    
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