Similar Questions

• Basic authentication with the RESTful WEb service and a Web Service reference

  Hi all
  
  We have made significant progress on getting an application to work with RESTful web services, but are now trying to understand how to lock a RESTful Web service while making it available for a particular application.
  
  We use one of the 'emp' table sample web services come with Apex 4.2 and are trying to apply the Basic Auth to the WEb Service using Weblogic filter defined in the web.xml file. Which works very well. I now get challenged when I try to go to:
  
  https://wlogic.edu/Apex/BNR/ACE/HR/empinfo/
  
  And when I authenticate this challenge, I am able to get the data. (we are usiing the Weblogic-level LDAP authentication)
  
  However, I'm not sure how to get even basic authentication to work with Web Service reference in my application. I see the error message in the application when I try to call this Web Service:
  
  401 Unauthorized <
  
  And I see:
  "The request requires user authentication. It MUST contain a header field WWW-Authenticate (section 14.46) containing a fault that is applicable to the requested resource. The client MAY repeat the request with a suitable authorization (section 14.8) header field. If the request already includes identification of the authorization information»
  
  How can I provide the credentials in the Web reference or provide credentials in the Application?
  Web service works fine if I remove the auth basic RESTful web service in the Web.xml file.
  
  We should NOT use basic auth and auth Weblogic web service definition basic RESTful Workspace use instead. If so, how would we implement THIS basic authentication in the definition of Web Service and the Web SErvice reference on the application?
  
  Thank you
  Pat

  Hello Scott,

  Thank you. There is a function for rest in the package:

  function make_rest_request(
  --
  -- This function invokes a RESTful Web service with the supplied name value pairs, body clob, or body blob
  -- the response as an clob.
  --
  -- Arguments:
  --   p_url                  The url endpoint of the Web service
  --   p_http_method          The HTTP Method to use, PUT, POST, GET, HEAD or DELETE
  --   p_username             The username if basic authentication is required for this service
  --   p_password             The password if basic authentication is required for this service
  --   p_proxy_override       The proxy to use for the request
  --   p_body                 The HTTP payload to be sent as clob
  --   p_body_blob            The HTTP payload to be sent as binary blob (ex., posting a file)
  --   p_parm_name            The name of the parameters to be used in name/value pairs
  --   p_parm_value           The value of the paramters to be used in name/value pairs
  --   p_wallet_path          The filesystem path to a wallet if request is https
  --                          ex., file:/usr/home/oracle/WALLETS
  --   p_wallet_pwd           The password to access the wallet
  --
      p_url               in varchar2,
      p_http_method       in varchar2,
      p_username          in varchar2 default null,
      p_password          in varchar2 default null,
      p_proxy_override    in varchar2 default null,
      p_transfer_timeout  in number default 180,
      p_body              in clob default empty_clob(),
      p_body_blob         in blob default empty_blob(),
      p_parm_name         in wwv_flow_global.vc_arr2 default empty_vc_arr,
      p_parm_value        in wwv_flow_global.vc_arr2 default empty_vc_arr,
      p_wallet_path       in varchar2 default null,
      p_wallet_pwd        in varchar2 default null ) return clob;
  

  My point was that using the API makes things easier if you have to look for a solution.

  Denes Kubicek
  -------------------------------------------------------------------
  http://deneskubicek.blogspot.com/
  http://www.Apress.com/9781430235125
  http://Apex.Oracle.com/pls/Apex/f?p=31517:1
  http://www.Amazon.de/Oracle-Apex-XE-Praxis/DP/3826655494
  -------------------------------------------------------------------

• The Web Service of LabVIEW error on restores model ESP

  Hello

  I was hoping that people would be able to help with the following problem:

  I'm currently on the Page Embedded Server (ESP), functionality of the LabVIEW webservices script and keep receiveing an error when you try to view a page.

  I think I put in place the Manager HTTP queries properly - buffered stream with headers

  The correct model is located and used as the page reaches the insertion point variable esp.

  I find that the AddressBook example works fine, unless I try and add an additional variable to the model, then the same error occurs.

  I have attached a sample project which shows the same behavior, and the error is less.

  Tested on LabVIEW 2014 (14.0.1 SP1) 32-bit on 64-bit Windows 7.

  See you soon

  John

  *****************************************************************************************************

  Error-67035 occurred at .vi NI_WebServices.lvlib:Error Converter (ErrCode or status)

  Possible reasons:

  LabVIEW: The Services Web of LabVIEW (Hex 0xFFFEFA25): error in the ESP.

  «"" "String of full appeal:»»"»
  NI_WebServices.lvlib:Error Converter (ErrCode or status) .vi
  NI_WebServices.lvlib:Web Request.lvclass:Render ESP Template.vi
  Test.VI
  Test.vi.ProxyCaller

  *****************************************************************************************************

  Hi John_Neutron,

  I worked on your code today and we managed to reproduce and to fix the error you saw.

  The Web service name ESP file and rendering the page, but it throws the error because the variable you are trying to set was not properly declared. We managed to make the error go away by changing the file text with Notepad like this ESP.

  --------------------------
  <%
  //This is a server side comment
  // Variables:
  var myvariable;
  //
  %>

  
  

  This is the test pattern

  
  
  It's the body:

  Here's the varaiable

  
  

  Variable: @@myvariable

  
  ---------------------------

  Before, you had / / in front of the variable (making a comment) and you don't have "var" to tell him you have said anything (it's all in the 4th line). Without the appropriate statement, the code generates an error when it is called.

  Vsenior

• Web service JSON data do not return does not

  I created an application with a test sample local (active forlder) json file called "contacts.json" as below, just to test if I have any return data. The data returned in a listview without problem.

  [{ "id":1, "firstname": "Mike", "lastname": "Chepesky", "title": "Sr. Editor",
    "image": "images/data/mike_chepesky.png", "active": true, "gender": "m" },
  { "id":2, "firstname": "Westlee", "lastname": "Barichak", "title": "Talent Scout",
    "image": "images/data/westlee_barichak.png", "active": true, "gender": "m" }]
  

  I then changed the source for 'http://... '. "a link is valid and I checked, and it returns the data in a classic web browser (firefox). But he won't be in my application.

  What I noticed, is that the difference between the local json file and the return of web service, the web service does not return the square brackets "[...]" the json... I suspect that maybe that's the problem? If so, how do I manipulate the data source in my application to incorporate media? Is the returned data (without brackets) real...

  {"status":"successful","current_version":"1.1.1","latest_version":"1.2.0.0","details":"1. Item A 2. Item B 3. Item C","type":"Force update"}
  

  Thank you.

  If I'm not wrong, your local file json contains an array of objects, and that you load from your server contains a single object.
  If so, you can not call insertList (data), use insert (data)

• Update user interface for execution of the web service thread.

  I have a thread that calls a web service. This thread is run from a menu item

  public MenuItem _search = new MenuItem("Search", 10, 0){
      public void run(){
          // Code to show progress popup, either a screen or popupscreen
  
          // Start Thread
  
          // Hide popup
  
          // Navigate to page
          }
      };
  

  My code is as above!

  The thread runs and moves to the new page. The pop-up screen can't, why is this?

  Surely, I can update the user interface before starting the thread?

  How can I emplement a loading screen?

  I tried to use the locking of the event and invokelater (according to this doc) to call the UI updates but no luck?

  If you display the popup and then hide it quickly enough the BlackBerry framework don't will never paint it because painting is a low priority, always put last on the event queue. This does not change even if you use invokeLater (which is the right thing to do anyway) - unless you let the popup be for awhile before rejecting.

  The usual way to display the progress screen is to pass the handle (reference) for the popup that you create in the thread. This Thread can use then a few reminders of this popup screen to update and finally close.

  So "Hide popup" should not be in the your menu item run() method. If your 'navigate to the page' is based on the results of the background thread, remove run() of the item of menu as well.

  If you search the knowledge base for "sample"Please wait"screen", you will find an excellent example of such interaction:

  Example of screen 'Please Wait' - part 1

  Example of screen 'Please Wait' - part 2

  Example of screen 'Please Wait' - part 3

  Enjoy!

• complex customer KSOAP of web service with the data type

  I had created my client to the web service using ksoap sample. This works very well in the Simulator.

  Now, I am creating the web service to the complex data type client. For the same thing, I want any heel KSOAP generator tool. Please suggest any tool. If this type of tool is not available then please guide me standard procedure for the management of complex data types in ksoap.

  help will be appreciated.

  Have you tried the SUN WTK stub generation tool?

• Calling Web services

  Please give me exactly code snippet for calling Web services.

  Welcome on the support forums.

  You can find some samples using the search tool.
  There is no 'exact snippet", just a few general samples using ksoap2 or heels.

• Implementation of the Web Service on Blackberry

  Hello

  I am new to web services so now I want to know how you can hit the web services via the blackberry app?

  Y at - there no web service sample I can use to test the object.

  In fact, I want to know the implementation of the web service on blackberry.

  Please provice me useful links and resources.

  What is KSOAP2 in blackberry?

  I think there are 2 ways to use web services

  1 http

  2 SOAP

  I want to know the two tests.

  Please help me.

  Sorry for non trivial stuff like this there is nothing like "sample code" of my side - I work in a business environment, not as a developer open source.

• Consume a Web Service

  Hey,.

  Newbie here and I was wondering if someone could point me in the right direction to write a class to connect to a Web service?  I use Blackberry JDE plugin for Eclipse.  I tried to search some forums but more is to do with ksoap plugin that I have trouble with so thought that I would write my own class.  All documents, samples, etc. would be much appreciated.

  Tried to do a search in the developers section of the BlackBerry but to be honest, I find the terrible site and can never find what I was looking for!

  Hello

  I developed a small application based on Web services, by following these steps...

  1. create a webservice and edited.

  2. using the SUN J2ME Wireless Toolkit, point the WSDL and generate high heels...

  3. After generating stubs, import classes into your project and access as simple java classes...

  Please correct me if I'm wrong...

• Web service does not work via XMLhttprequest

  Good evening

  I have a problem with calling a web service from Javascript for my Web application work.  I believe it has something to do with the url of the web service, but could use help from anyone.  First turn off the Service works fine on my development computer (using Visual Studio to test via Javascript without an application Web works).

  -Windows XP SP2

  -ASP.Net Web service located on the local host.

  -Eclipse IDE for Java Developers (just downloaded today)

  Version: Helios Release

  Build id: 20100617-1415

  JavaScript code:

  Hello

  Managed to do work on my Simulator (beta2) call a webservice, I was running and debugging in Visual Studio 2010.

  You code looks similar to the most  - except:
     - haven't got the ActiveXObject code
     - I specify the MimeContent e.g. ('application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
       see sample code below ...
     - I set access permissions in config.xml
         e.g. :     
         e.g. :     
         e.g. :     http://mydomain.com" subdomains="true" />
  
     - also check xml.responseText which might be set instead of responseXML
        if your mimetypes aren't correct
  

  Sample call:

      var url = "http://localhost/TestWebService1/service.asmx/HelloWorld";
      xmlHttp.open('GET', url, true);
      xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = callbackFunction;
      xmlHttp.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
      xmlHttp.send(null);
  

  Reminder of the sample:

     function callbackFunction() {
         alert("callbackFunction enter");
  
         if (xmlHttp.readyState != 4)
             return;
  
         alert("callbackFunction response hdrs - " + xmlHttp.getAllResponseHeaders());
         alert("callbackFunction response text - " + xmlHttp.responseText);
         alert("callbackFunction response xml - " + xmlHttp.responseXML);
  
         // ....
         // ....
     }
  

  Hope that helps

  . H

• OPA 12.2 Query Web Service xml structure

  Hi OPA Experts,

  We installed the version hub 12.2 of the OPA. I use the interface webservice sample project 'HealthEating '. But "Evaluate" the demand is huge, how to fill out only necessary data entry.

  Do you have sample compact xml for tests in SOAPUI?

  Thank you

  Moses.

  is the user name and password is required in the version of hub? , I tried to "authentication failure". So SOAPUI, I created manually authentication, it worked fine,

  It is mandatory by default, as the end point of the web service is restricted to users with the role of user API web service.

  See "a political model deployed as a web service secure", for more details, including how to allow anonymous access ( http://documentation.custhelp.com/euf/assets/devdocs/august2015/PolicyAutomation/en/Default.htm#Guides/Project_Administrator_Guide/Security/Secure_web_services.htm )

  How to pass username and password in the hub of 12.2. the demand?

  See the topic "Authenticate with a secure web service" ( http://documentation.custhelp.com/euf/assets/devdocs/august2015/PolicyAutomation/en/Default.htm#Guides/Developer_Guide/DeterminationsAPI/Authenticate_w_secured_Web_Service.htm )

• Deploy a web service on an old database proxy

  I'm studying on different approaches to call an external web service of PL/SQL and I came across this document pretty old how-to:

  Call a Web Service from the database

  The document explains how to create a proxy web service in Java with JDeveloper and how to deploy it in a database.

  The sample service is relatively simple. The service that I have to call exposes several methods that returns and requires complex objects as parameters, but I found more tips in the next song in the Oracle documentation:

  http://docs.Oracle.com/CD/B19306_01/Java.102/b14187/chsix.htm#BABBEAJI

  So I downloaded and installed the latest JDeveloper and I get a service proxy web work at a glance. When I tried to deploy to my old database (Oracle 10.0.2.5 running Java 1.4) I've got the errors listed in the attached paper (sorry for the names of class in Italian).

  As indicated in the last line, it seems that I have some kind of compatibility issue between the version of Java that I used to generate the proxy and that which is available on my server. If, as suggested, change the JDK 1.7 to 1.4 version, I get an error saying something like "you have used data annotation, but this feature is available from Java 1.5".

  Is there a way to force JDeveloper to generate a web service proxy ' 1.4 friendly '?

  With the provided link, I was able to get all the missing pieces of the software.

  Now I just need to convince our DBA to try this approach

  However, it is a different story

• APEX 4.2.3 consume the web service returning a PDF problem

  Using APEX 4.2.3 on a database of Oracle 11 g R2, Firefox 31.7, we ask a service web restful one before the process of page header, to download a PDF Code file used:

  declare

  CLOB l_clob;

  l_blob blob.

  l_sql_delimiter varchar2 (30);

  l_lang_context integer: = DBMS_LOB. DEFAULT_LANG_CTX;

  l_warning integer: = DBMS_LOB. WARN_INCONVERTIBLE_CHAR;

  l_dest_offset integer: = 1;

  l_source_offset integer: = 1;

  l_Json VARCHAR2 (4000);

  Start

  l_clob: = null;

  DBMS_LOB.CREATETEMPORARY (l_blob, true);

  -Generate here the content of your file in l_clob.

  hr_Pkg.Security_Termination_Form(:P4200_PERSON_HR_ID,l_Json);

  hr_Pkg.call_rest_webservice (l_Json, 'TestME.Pdf', l_Clob);

  Logger.log ('CLOB SIZE IN PAGE: ' | sys.) DBMS_LOB. GetLength (l_clob));

  sys. HTP.init;

  sys.owa_util.mime_header (' application/pdf', FALSE, 'UTF-8');

  sys. HTP.p ("Content-length: ' |") sys.DBMS_LOB.GetLength (l_clob));

  sys. HTP.p ('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename = "TestME.Pdf" ');

  sys.owa_util.http_header_close;

  () DBMS_LOB.converttoblob

  dest_lob = > l_blob,

  src_clob = > l_clob,

  amount = > DBMS_LOB. LOBMAXSIZE,

  dest_offset = > l_dest_offset,

  offset = > l_source_offset,

  blob_csid = > DBMS_LOB. DEFAULT_CSID,

  lang_context = > l_lang_context,

  WARNING = > l_warning

  );

  Logger.log ("SIZE of BLOB: ' |") sys. DBMS_LOB. GetLength (l_blob));

  sys.wpg_docload.download_file (l_blob);

  apex_application.stop_apex_engine;

  exception when others then

  sys. HTP. PRN (' error: ' |) SQLERRM);

  apex_application.stop_apex_engine;

  end;

  We run in the question, that the PDF file is empty with the exception of a few fill-able fields that must be completed in advance by the call to the web service.

  When you run the web service directly from the browser, the PDF that is generated is very well and seems to be complete. And the size of the file that is created as the clob from the web service call is exactly the same size it as the pdf file received directly from the web service.

  When we compare the size of the clob to the size of the blob, we see that the blob is slightly larger in size than the clob.

  Any suggestions? (Sample code for posting to the hosted site for Oracle will not work because you can not call the hosted instance web services and web service is hosted BEHIND our firewall).

  Thank you

  Tony Miller
  Software LuvMuffin
  Ruckersville, WILL

  Problem is resolved... As opposed to the use of the APEX apex_web_service.make_rest_request must use the utl_http.begin_request and then treats the query returned through utl_http. READ_RAW and who then saving it in a temporary BLOB.

  Maybe when we update to the APEX 5, I'll see if I can deal with it using standard APEX packages...

  Thank you

  Tony Miller
  Software LuvMuffin
  Salt Lake City, UT

• Web service PLSQL returning multiple records

  Hello

  I am creating a web service using oracle 11 g, which should be able to return multiple records.

  Based on the code and the advice of the samples found on the internet, here is my code:

  CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE test_rec is OBJECT (
      s_nume_adre                    NUMBER ,
      c_eta_civi                     VARCHAR2(4 BYTE),
      l_nom1_comp                    VARCHAR2(40 BYTE),
      l_nom2_comp                    VARCHAR2(40 BYTE),
      l_nom3_comp                    VARCHAR2(40 BYTE),
      l_pren_comp                    VARCHAR2(30 BYTE),
      d_date_nais                    DATE);
  
  
  CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE test_array AS TABLE OF test_rec;
  */
  
  CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE test_pkg AS
    function get_rows(snume_adre in number) return test_array;
  END;
  /
  
  CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY test_pkg AS
    function get_rows(snume_adre in number) return test_array is
      v_rtn   test_array := test_array(null);
      v_first boolean := true;
  
      cursor c_get_rows(snume_adre in number) is
        SELECT a.s_nume_adre,
               nvl(a.c_eta_civi, '') c_eta_civi,
               nvl(a.l_nom1_comp, '') l_nom1_comp,
               nvl(a.l_nom2_comp, '') l_nom2_comp,
               nvl(a.l_nom3_comp, '') l_nom3_comp,
               nvl(a.l_pren_comp, '') l_pren_comp,
               nvl(a.d_date_nais, to_date('01.01.1900', 'dd.mm.yyyy')) d_date_nais
      FROM bro.z45 a
    where a.s_nume_adre = snume_adre or snume_adre is null;
  
    begin
     
      for rec in c_get_rows(snume_adre) loop
        if v_first then
          v_first := false;
        else
          v_rtn.extend;
        end if;
     
      v_rtn(v_rtn.last) := test_rec(rec.s_nume_adre, rec.c_eta_civi, rec.l_nom1_comp, rec.l_nom2_comp,
                                  rec.l_nom3_comp, rec.l_pren_comp, rec.d_date_nais);
      end loop;   
  
      return v_rtn;
    end;
  END;
  /
  
  --select * from table (test_pkg.get_rows(null));
  
  
  

  I am able to retrieve data using select.

  However, when I try to access its wsdl I get an error:

  < envelope soap: >

  < soap: Body >

  < soap: Fault >

  Client: soap < faultcode > < / faultcode >

  entry processing < faultstring > error < / faultstring >

  < detail >

  < OracleErrors > < / OracleErrors >

  < / details >

  < / soap fault: >

  < / soap: Body >

  < / envelope soap: >

  -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  If I comment the function call in the package declaration I get a "correct": wsdl

  -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  " < name definitions = targetNamespace"GET_ROWS"=" http://xmlns.Oracle.com/orawsv/test/TEST_PKG/GET_ROWS "xmlns =" http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/ "xmlns:tns =" http://xmlns.Oracle.com/orawsv/test/TEST_PKG/GET_ROWS "container =" http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema "xmlns:soap =" http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/SOAP/ "> " ""

  < types >

  " < xsd: Schema targetNamespace = ' http://xmlns.Oracle.com/orawsv/test/TEST_PKG/GET_ROWS "elementFormDefault ="qualified"> "

  < xsd: element name = "GET_ROWSInput" >

  < xsd: complexType >

  < / xsd: complexType >

  < / xsd: element >

  < xsd: element name = "GET_ROWSOutput" >

  < xsd: complexType >

  < / xsd: complexType >

  < / xsd: element >

  < / xsd: Schema >

  < / types >

  < name of message = "GET_ROWSInputMessage" >

  < name of part = "parameters" element = "tns:GET_ROWSInput" / >

  < / message >

  < name of message = "GET_ROWSOutputMessage" >

  < name of part = "parameters" element = "tns:GET_ROWSOutput" / >

  < / message >

  < portType name = "GET_ROWSPortType" >

  < operation name = "GET_ROWS" >

  < input message = "tns:GET_ROWSInputMessage" / >

  < output message = "tns:GET_ROWSOutputMessage" / >

  < / operation >

  < / portType >

  < connection name = "GET_ROWSBinding" type = "tns:GET_ROWSPortType" >

  " < style: soap = transport = 'document' binding ' http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/SOAP/HTTP "/>

  < operation name = "GET_ROWS" >

  < soap: operation soapAction = "GET_ROWS" / >

  < input >

  < soap body parts: = 'settings' use = "literal" / >

  < / Entry >

  < output >

  < soap body parts: = 'settings' use = "literal" / >

  < / output >

  < / operation >

  < / binding >

  < service name = "GET_ROWSService" >

  < documentation > Oracle Web Service < / documentation >

  < name of port = "GET_ROWSPort" binding = "tns:GET_ROWSBinding" >

  " < soap: address location = ' http://server.domain.ch:8080 / orawsv/TEST/TEST_PKG/GET_ROWS "/>

  < / port >

  < / service >

  < / definitions >

  -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Any suspicion that how create and access pl sql web service returning multiple lines?

  I use java not and do not have access to tools such as JDeveloper.

  Thank you!

  The real problem is that collection types are not supported for the return parameters.

  The solution is to wrap the collection into another object.

  Here is an example of work based on your settings:

  CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE test_rec is OBJECT (
    empno  number(4)
  , ename  varchar2(10)
  , hiredate date
  );
  /
  
  CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE test_array AS TABLE OF test_rec;
  /  
  
  CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE test_array_wrapper is OBJECT ( arr test_array );
  /
  
  CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE test_pkg AS
    function get_rows(p_deptno in number) return test_array_wrapper;
  END;
  /  
  
  CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY test_pkg AS
    function get_rows(p_deptno in number) return test_array_wrapper is
      results  test_array;
    begin  
  
      select test_rec(empno, ename, hiredate)
      bulk collect into results
      from scott.emp
      where deptno = p_deptno;     
  
      return test_array_wrapper(results);
    end;
  END;
  /
  

  The wsdl is then generated correctly:

  SQL> select httpuritype('http://DEV:dev@localhost:8080/orawsv/DEV/TEST_PKG/GET_ROWS?wsdl').getxml() from dual;
  
  HTTPURITYPE('HTTP://DEV:DEV@LOCALHOST:8080/ORAWSV/DEV/TEST_PKG/GET_ROWS?WSDL').GETXML()
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
        
        
          
            
              
            
          
        
        
          
            
              
                
                  
                    
                      
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
          
        
        
          
            
            
              
                
                  
                
              
            
            
          
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
        
  
      
    
    
      
      
        
        
          
        
        
  
          
        
      
    
    
      Oracle Web Service
      
        
      
    
  
  

• Receiver Interface open - Web Service

  Hello

  Does anyone have a load sample having successfully used this service.

  Little a huge WSDL, so looking for a good basic starting point.

  In addition, this allows to process returns?

  Thank you

  David

  Development denounced the next for a sample document:

  • Merge RRS: Web Service to create receipt PO (Fusion Apps + 11.1.9.0.0)) (1959415.1)

  --

  Jani Rautiainen

  Relationship with the developers of Applications in fusion

  https://blogs.Oracle.com/fadevrel/