Why the operator: = is not working when it is in a string concatenated and assigned to a variable?

I met with an error ORA-00904: "V_DEPTNO": online: 14 (My PL/SQL code is below), while playing with the cursor of reference (for the end of the apprenticeship).
I debugged it and the problem was solved and it returns the desired output.  However, the solution of it is not sensible for me even if the output
has been posted/successfully recovered.    Here's a clearer description of the code:


On line 14, I have a variable called stmt and stmt value concatenated with the string "where deptno =: v_deptno' and then finally assigned to this stmt variable."

In this line, he returned ORA-00904 but it was fixed by using =: operator instead of the = operator.

 stmt:=stmt || 'where deptno=:v_deptno';

In sql pure when it is intended to add where clause for such purpose, the = comparison operator is used.
Example:

Select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno=10;

But in my pl/sql code, =: operator was used.

Why is this? Can someone explain what it is? Even if I did my research, but I couldn't find the explanation yet.

All what I've understood so far, is that this may mean the following (I may be wrong):
1 - everything first, assign the value 10, of v_deptno, who was declared, to easily compare.
2. compare the value assigned with deptno.
On this basis, recover data.


Thus, he worked as a = + tour operator defined in another high programming language such as c#... etc.
Example:

int a = 0;

a =+ 1;    //  a was declared as an integer that has value 0
        // then  we tried to increment by 1 or add by one
         // so it would be  a=a+1;  
                //which is  a=0+1;

It works the same?

Here's my complete code pl/sql, just in case...

--ref cursor
declare 

type emp_refcur  is ref cursor;
emp_cv emp_refcur;
emprec emp%rowtype;
stmt varchar2(299):= 'select * from emp';
v_deptno number:=10;

begin

if v_deptno is null then
  open emp_cv for stmt;

else
  stmt:= stmt || ' where deptno=:v_deptno';
  open emp_cv for stmt using v_deptno;
end if;

loop
fetch emp_cv into emprec;
exit when emp_cv%notfound;
dbms_output.put_line(emprec.empno||chr(9)||emprec.ename||chr(9)||emprec.deptno);
end loop;
close emp_cv;
end;
/

I would you to explain and share with me something to read or give me some clues.

Thanks in advance!

In this line, he returned ORA-00904 but it was fixed by using =: operator instead of the = operator.

There is no "=:" operator.

The colon character ': ' is used to define a binding (placeholder) variable in the query string.

The value of this variable must be passed ("linked") after analysis and run step so that the query is executed correctly. That's what the USING clause in your code.

Thus, he worked as a = + tour operator defined in another high programming language such as c#... etc.

Example:

  1. int a = 0;
  2. a = + 1;    one has been declared as an integer that is set to 0
  3. then we tried to increment by 1 or add one
  4. so it would be a = a + 1;
  5. which is a = 0 + 1;

It works the same?

No, nothing to do with it.

Tags: Database

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