restore the data files and redo

Similar Questions

• Get the former locations of the data files and Redo logs

  Version: 11.2
  Platform: Solaris 10
  
  When we manage hundreds of DBs, we do not know the locations of all DB files these allows DBs. say a DB goes down and you have all the required RMAN backups.
  
  When you restore the DB in a new location in the path of the new server, you must run the commands for the data files and ORLs below. But how do we know
  
  The former location of the data files.
  
  B. the old location of redo online stores that I can run
  
  run

  alter database rename file 'oldPath_of_OnlineRedoLogs' to 'newPath_of_OnlineRedoLogs' ;  --- Without this command , the restored control file will still reflect the old control file location

  run {
  set newname for datafile 1 to '/u04/oradata/lmnprod/lmnprod_system01.dbf' ;
  set newname for datafile 2 to '/u04/oradata/lmnprod/lmnprod_sysaux01.dbf' ;
  set newname for datafile 3 to '/u04/oradata/lmnprod/lmnprod_undotbs101.dbf' ;
  set newname for datafile 4 to '/u04/oradata/lmnprod/lmnprod_audit_ts01.dbf' ;
  set newname for datafile 5 to '/u04/oradata/lmnprod/lmnprod_quest_ts01.dbf' ;
  set newname for datafile 6 to '/u04/oradata/lmnprod/lmnprod_yelxr_ts01.dbf' ;
  .
  .
  .
  .
  .
  }

  Hello

  With the help of Oracle 11.2, you can use feature 'set newname for database' using OMF.

  SET NEWNAME FOR DATABASE TO '/oradata/%U';
  RESTORE DATABASE;
  SWITCH DATAFILE ALL;
  SWITCH TEMPFILE ALL;
  RECOVER DATABASE;
  

  After the restore and recover databases (i.e. before resetlog open) you can do to rename redolog. Just a query column member from v$ logfile and deliver ' alter database rename file 'oldPath_of_OnlineRedoLogs' to 'newPath_of_OnlineRedoLogs ';

  When we use the DSO is much easier to use OMF because Oracle automatically creates the directory structure.
  But when we use the file system that the OMF does not serve due DBA dislikes system generated on file system names.

  If you don't like OMF file system, you can use the script on thread below to help restore you using readable for datafile names, tempfile, and redo.

  {message: id = 9866752}

  Kind regards
  Levi Pereira

• Restore the data file

  Hello
  
  Initial situation and config:
  
  Server: Win2k3 Sp1 32 bit
  Database: 10.2.0.4 Standard noarchivelog mode
  RMAN catalog on different server.
  Cold backup
  
  
  Therefore, I was invited to do a restore from a backup of database. What he needs, it's to restore the controlfile, spfile and a data from a backup file complete performed via RMAN. He does NOT INTEND to use them, they just want to see their restored from the backup.
  
  Restore the spfile and the controlfile is not a problem, and I was able to restore them to a Test directory. But since I can't restore datafile 1 to 'C:\dest', I googled how to make these.
  
  I came up with these, which I think who should restore a data file to a different location, but I don't know if it's okay. And since I started on the database server, I prefer to ask first.
  
  The value of newname to 'C:\datafiles\datafile1.dbf' to 'C:\Test\datafile1.dbf ';
  restore the data file 'C:\Test\datafile1.dbf '.
  
  Would this work? It must be run with the open database altering State and work and will not somehow it. If not, can someone help me here? The only thing needed, he did restore a data file just to get...
  
  Thanks for the tips!

  Add this

  RMAN > run {}
  value of newname for datafile 'C:\datafiles\datafile1.dbf' to 'C:\Test\datafile1.dbf ';
  restore the data file ' C:\Test\datafile1.dbf';l
  switch datafile;
  }

  It will update the control file with the new location of this data file

• create a tablespace without specifying the path to the data file and the name

  Hello
  
  Is it possible to create a tablespace without specifying the name and the path of the data file.
  
  For example: just specify the name of the tablespace and the size of the data file, the data file must be created in a default location with the default name? Is this possible?

  user13364377 wrote:
  Hello

  Is it possible to create a tablespace without specifying the name and the path of the data file.

  For example: just specify the name of the tablespace and the size of the data file, the data file must be created in a default location with the default name? Is this possible?

  The use of the files managed by Oracle
  Internally, Oracle uses standard file system interfaces to create and delete files if necessary for the following data structures:

  * Tablespaces
  * Online redo logs
  * Control of files

  Through initialization parameters, you specify the directory of file system to use for a particular file type.
  EXAMPLE:
  The following parameters are included in the initialization parameter file:

  DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST = ' / u01/oradata/sample.
  DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_1 = "/ u02/oradata/sample.
  DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_2 = ' / u03/oradata/sample.

  The following statement is issued at the SQL prompt:

  SQL > CREATE a DATABASE sample.
  SQL > CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_2 DATAFILE SIZE 400 M;
  SQL > CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs_1;

  check the link for more information:
  http://download.Oracle.com/docs/CD/B10500_01/server.920/a96521/OMF.htm

• Transfer all of the data files and program from old computer (Vista) to new computer (Windows 7)

  I've been using a Dell xps 420, 32-bit Vista since 2008. I just bought a new Dell xps-8700, 64-bit with windows 7 preinstalled. I would like to transfer all THE DATA, SETTINGS AND PROGRAMS from my old computer to the new computer. I bought a cable easy transfer of Dell for windows, xp, vista, windows 7 and 8. I read somewhere that the method of cable will transfer all my installed programs. Is this true?

  Can someone give me the better, easier and faster method available. At least give me a step by step procedure for this task.

  I am 81 years old and not too computer savvy. Any help you can give will BE appreciated.   bobnancy

  From Internet Explorer

  Original title: Transfer all data and program files from old computer to the new computer

  I've been using a Dell xps 420, 32-bit Vista since 2008. I just bought a new Dell xps-8700, 64-bit with windows 7 preinstalled. I would like to transfer all THE DATA, SETTINGS AND PROGRAMS from my old computer to the new computer. I bought a cable easy transfer of Dell for windows, xp, vista, windows 7 and 8. I read somewhere that the method of cable will transfer all my installed programs. Is this true?

  No, it won't, it will transfer personal files and settings. You will have to reinstall your applications from the original installation files or install CDs and DVDs.

  Can someone give me the better, easier and faster method available. At least give me a step by step procedure for this task.

  If you really want to move your applications to the Vista computer, you will need to buy a commercial programs such as Laplink PC Mover that will allow you to move your programs:

  Laplink PCmover® | Laplink.com

  I am 81 years old and not too computer savvy. Any help you can give will BE appreciated.   bobnancy

  From Internet Explorer

  Original title: Transfer all data and program files from old computer to the new computer

• Try to restore the data file, get error 'you don't have permission to save in this location"in Vista

  I am new to Windows Vista, but relatively competent in older versions. I installed the software on my new desktop computer. I am the only user on this computer and I have administrative rights. I installed the software in the Program Files directory. In the software, there is a folder for the working data file. I now try to 'restore' my data on this new computer file so that I can start working. I get an error message that says "you don't have permission to save in this location. Contact an administrator. "I have considered similar questions on this site and followed the advice to take possession of the file without success. I also created a new folder on the D drive, thinking maybe Vista I just wanted to keep C clean, but it gives me the same message. I can't save to the folder I created. Any advice?

  Program Files is a protected directory. If possible you create the working folder for the data in your user account instead. Is it possible in the options of the program the program in a directory of your user account? Or, if you think that any other user you may need to use this program, you could create the directory Public. MS - MVP - Elephant Boy computers - don't panic!

• import of dimension and member via maxl, how to create the data file and rules files

  Hello
  
  I have a task of importing Essbase, dimension and Member for project requirement, I have to use the text file or spreadsheet.
  I wonder what format can be imported into Essbase?
  I tried to create, failed.
  
  You have samples to help me? file size and rules files...
  
  I'm looking for a lot in http://gerardnico.com/wiki/epm/essbase/dimension_build#about, but there is no samples.
  
  Thanks in advance...
  
  Best regards
  Samantha

  Have you been through this?

  http://download.Oracle.com/technology/products/bi/Essbase/demos/Essbase_11.1.1_Overview/Lesson4.htm

  Kind regards

  Cameron Lackpour

• The data file recovery

  I lost one of the data file for the database. Comprehensive database of RMAN was brought back a day. Steps required to complete the restore of the data file so that I have recover the database.

  Beginner wrote:
  I lost one of the data file for the database. Comprehensive database of RMAN was brought back a day. Steps required to complete the restore of the data file so that I have recover the database.

  Is your database in archivelog mode? If so,.

  find the number of the data file (for the use of data instead of the name file number):

  SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;
  

  Assume that n is the number of folder of the data file. Start rman and try to get it back:

  RMAN> RECOVER DATAFILE n;
  

  If it shows that you want to restore, restore the data file and recover:

  RMAN> RESTORE DATAFILE n;
  RMAN> RECOVER DATAFILE n;
  

  go online:

  ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE n ONLINE;
  

  or you can recover the storage space of the data belonging to file: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/backup.102/b14192/recov002.htm#i1037378

  concerning

  Grosbois

• Defining the new path for the data files for restoring using the VALUE of NEWNAME FOR DATABASE

  Version: 11.2.0.3 Linux
  
  Today, I had to do a restore RMAN to a new server and I came across the post following RTO on the VALUE of NEWNAME FOR DATABASE
  
  ALTER database open resetlogs upgraded;         error to throw
  
  So, I thought to use it to indicate the new location of the data files to restore.
  
  That's what I did
  ===================
  
  Restore the control file and catalog items to backup using the command of CATALOGUE START WITH. Then I started the restoration

  $ rman target / cmdfile=restore.txt
  
  Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Jul 26 04:40:41 2012
  
  Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
  
  connected to target database: SPIKEY (DBID=2576163333, not open)
  
  RMAN> run
  2>  {
  3>  SET NEWNAME FOR DATABASE TO '/fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey';
  4>  restore database  ;
  5>  }
  6>
  7>
  8>
  executing command: SET NEWNAME
  RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
  RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
  RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
  RMAN-03002: failure of set command at 07/26/2012 04:40:43
  RMAN-06970: NEWNAME '/fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey' for database must include %f or %U format
  
  Recovery Manager complete.

  Don't know how it worked for Levi without %f or %U. So, I added %f
  

   $ vi restore.txt
   $ cat restore.txt
  run
   {
   SET NEWNAME FOR DATABASE TO '/fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey/%f';
   restore database  ;
   }
  
  
   $ rman target / cmdfile=restore.txt
  
  Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Jul 26 04:45:45 2012
  
  Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
  
  connected to target database: SPIKEY (DBID=2576163333, not open)
  
  RMAN> run
  2>  {
  3>  SET NEWNAME FOR DATABASE TO '/fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey/%f';
  4>  restore database  ;
  5>  }
  6>
  7>
  8>
  executing command: SET NEWNAME
  
  Starting restore at 26-JUL-12
  using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
  allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
  channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
  
  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
  channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey/1
  channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey/2
  channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey/3
  channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey/4
  channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey/5
  channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey/6
  channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey/7
  channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00008 to /fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey/8
  channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00009 to /fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey/9
  channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u07/bkpfolder/SPIKEY_full_01nh0028_1_1_20120725.rmbk
  channel ORA_DISK_1: errors found reading piece handle=/u07/bkpfolder/SPIKEY_full_01nh0028_1_1_20120725.rmbk
  channel ORA_DISK_1: failover to piece handle=/u07/dump/bkpfolder/SPIKEY_full_01nh0028_1_1_20120725.rmbk tag=SPIKEY_FULL
  channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
  channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:56
  Finished restore at 26-JUL-12
  
  Recovery Manager complete.

  As you can see, RMAN restore data files to the desired location. But the data file names ended up as

  1
  2
  3
  .
  .      
  .
  9

  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! -----------| Holy Cow |-----------------------------
  
  
  So I had to rename each file as below
  

  $ mv 1 /fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey/system01.dbf
  $ mv 2 /fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey/sysaux01.dbf
  $ mv 3 /fnup/hwrc/oradata/spikey/undotbs01.dbf

  I would have been better in execution of the order for each data below file

  SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE

  Now, I think, there is no advantage in using NEWNAME SET of DATABASE to. Only the disadvantages. I did anything wrong above?

  Martin;

  On the issue of the VALUE of NEWNAME FOR DATABASE, you must specify at least one of the first three of the following substitution variables to avoid collisions of names: %b f % U. see semantic entry for TO 'filename' for a description of the possible substitution variables.

  You use %f

  %b
  
  Specifies the filename without the fully qualified directory path. For example, the datafile name /oradata/prod/financial.dbf is transformed to financial.dbf. This variable enables you to preserve the names of the datafiles while you move them to different directory. During backup, it can be used for the creation of image copies. The variable cannot be used for OMF datafiles or backup sets.
  
  %f
  
  Specifies the absolute file number of the datafile for which the new name is generated. For example, if datafile 2 is duplicated, then %f generates the value 2.
  
  %U
  
  Specifies a system-generated unique filename. The name is in the following format: data-D-%d_id-%I_TS-%N_FNO-%f. The %d variable specifies the database name. For example, a possible name might be data-D-prod_id-22398754_TS-users_FNO-7.
  

  Source - E10643-01

  Backup and recovery reference

  http://docs.Oracle.com/CD/E14072_01/backup.112/e10643/rcmsynta2014.htm

  I see CKPT and I agree on that!

  Best regards

  mseberg

• RMAN-06056 and the data file does not exist

  Hello
  
  I'm working on Oracle 9i Database (9.2.0.8.0) on AIX 5.2 and we try to run a full backup of RMAN, but it seems to be failing with an error as follows;
  
  From backup to 27-SEPT.-10
  using the ORA_SBT_TAPE_1 channel
  using the ORA_SBT_TAPE_2 channel
  RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
  RMAN-00569: = ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =.
  RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
  RMAN-03002: failure of the backup to 27/09/2010 01:33:17 command
  RMAN-06056: could not access datafile 23
  
  I checked the v $ datafile and it shows that it is in a State of recovery.
  
  Select the State, file No., name from v$ datafile
  where status <>'in LINE '.
  order by 1
  
  RECOVER /u06/oradata/test_sys/data/msg_log06.dbf 23
  
  The file does not exist at the level of the BONE and the RMAN, it shows as;
  
  RMAN > resync catalog
  + 2 >. +
  
  from full resynchronization of the recovery catalog
  full complete Resync
  
  RMAN > outline report;
  
  Report of the database schema
  K - bytes Tablespace RB segs Datafile file name
  ---- ---------- -------------------- ------- -------------------
  819200 + 1 SYSTEM YES /u011/oradata/test_sys/data/system01.dbf+
  
  + 23 0 MSG_LOG NOT /u06/oradata/test_sys/data/msg_log06.dbf+
  
  The associated tablespace cannot be just deleted given that some other files of dependent data. The RMAN script has also been changed
  
  change archivelog than any overlap;
  backup database more archivelog entry remove
  Skip inaccessible;
  
  But the backup fails again, please advice.
  
  Concerning

  Run

  LIST OF BACKUP OF THE FILE 23

  to see if you have previous backups. If you have a backup of the data file, you can then
  Put the offline data file
  RESTORE the data file
  RECOVER the data file.

  If you want to 'ignore' this test taking it Offline datafile
  ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE OFFLINE 23

  then use "SKIP OFFLINE" in your RMAN BACKUP DATABASE command.

  Hemant K Collette

• A SCN for the entire database and the different SNA for the data files?

  DB Version: 11 g
  
  I always thought that there is a unique SCN for the database as a whole.
  A quote from the link below as
  When a control point is completed, Oracle stores the RCS individually in the control for each data file file
  http://www.dbapool.com/articles/1029200701.html
  
  
  What does that mean? There is a SNA for the entire database, and there are individual SCN for each data files?

  Well, unfortunately, the article says more bad than good things. Or if I can't call them wrong, they are rather confusing and rather than clear things for the reader, its making them appear to look more confused.

  First things, YVERT is used for read consistency (CR) mechanism and the backbone of the notion of Multiversioning. The control point is the mechanism to help that recovery is decided. Contrary to what said article, not any kind of checkpoints update both the data file and the control file, and also, there is not a type of them as well. In addition, the article says that the LAST_CHECKPOOINT is set to NULL, while its actually set to the infinity since it is not possible to detect the moment when the database is opened, that the last issue of control over the file would be. In the case of complete control point, this number is saved and is also associated with the toa Controlfile own database leader at the next startup. If this is not the case, there is an inconsistency in the stop_checkpoint of the data file and the stop_checkpoint reocrded in the control file, leading to a recovery of the instance.

  There are several types of control points. Similarly, there are several types of SNA as well. Without going into the details of these, IMO, the article simply means that when the control point write over a file passes, oracle updates the file checkpoint on it and this is recorded in the Controlifle. as well.

  HTH
  Aman...

• Restore the control file considerations

  Hello expert,

  Assumpition condition is:

  All the data files and the redologs are not damaged, but the controlfiles are damaged. We must restore the controlfile autobackup with the following command:

  RMAN > STARTUP NOMOUNT;

  RMAN > backup RESTORE CONTROLFILE AUTOMATIC;

  RMAN > ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;

  RMAN > RECOVER DATABASE;

  RMAN > ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

  Use of rman RECOVER, DATABASE redo logs to roll changes forward to control files. Can you explain what changes can be included? (Currently I only have one example: we add the new data file once the backup control file.) So we need roll forward the changes to control the file on the new added one.) Other examples?

  Thank you and best regards,

  Tong Ning

  Examine the contents of the controlfile.  He has the list of data files, the list of the archivelog files and list of rman backups.

  Archivelogs would be saved in the controlfile so that they can be applied.

  What about backups?  Subsequent backups would certainly no longer be in the controlfile.

  Hemant K Collette

• On the use of the data file

  Hi all

  Last week I was simulating a crash of my database (Oracle 11.2.0.3, last group of patches) due to data files missing. So, I just removed the data file where my web application stores the data to see what's going to happen. But nothing happened, demand is rising and running and I was able to create new items in the user interface and save them. Normally, all these data are stored in oracle.

  After that I created a few articles, I bounced the database. Then I restored and retrieved the data file with RMAN. All items I created after the deletion of the data file were there.

  I would like to know, in which oracle order would write the DML commited to for recovery logs and the data file, so that I can explain the behavior of the application. I was wondering how the commited changes after deletion of the data file have been preserved even after the restoration of the data since the last backup RMAN file.

  Thanks for any input.

  Best regards

  Coby.

  every time that you agree to any transaction that the LGWR writes that transforms redo log buffer to restore the log file. When saturates redolog files then it launches checkpoint and writing each thin to the log file archive.

  DBWR writes data to the buffer cache of datafile only if it doesnot have free tampons with him.

  In your case, what could have happened is when you deleted the data file and made changes in the database. He could not write these changes to the data file and made the entery in the redo log file.

  so, after you have to bounce the database and restore the database and retrieve using the archiving log. you'd get output like media recovery complete and all the changes made to the database once you have deleted the data file, all the changes has returned to recovery.

• Prepare disks for ASM (data files and FRA)

  I intend to place data files on a disc 1 (sd1) and disk2 (PSD) when the backup of files (FRA) on disk3 (SDC). Here's how I'd do:
  
  For data files
  Disk1 is divided into a single primary partition (with native Linux what ID 83 not formatted system)
  Disk2 is also divided into a single primary partition (with native Linux ID 83 system not formatted)
  
  oracleasm createdisk vol1/dev/sda1
  oracleasm createdisk vol2/dev/sdb1
  
  CREATE DISKGROUP DATA EXTERNAL vol1, vol2 REDUNDANCY;
  
  
  For backup FRA
  
  Disk3 is partitioned into four primary partitions: / Boot (ext3), / (ext3), swap (swap) and /u01 (ext3)
  
  The FRA will be put under the/U01 and then attend the ASM:
  
  oracleasm vol3/dev/sdc4 createdisk
  CREATE DISKGROUP DATA EXTERNAL vol3 REDUNDANCY;
  
  Now, the problem. (1) the/U01 has already be formatted in ext3; (2) Oracle (DBMS) software will also be place under/U01
  
  It will be a problem?
  
  
  Otherwise, I can put FRA on the same drive as the data files, i.e. on disk1 and disk2. In this case, I need to partition the disk 1 in two primary parititions sda1 and sda2 (native Linux system ID 83 not formatted), one for data files and another for FRA (do the same for disk2). The downside is that the data file and the file recovery will be on the same hard drive.
  
  
  Please offer some suggestions.
  
  
  Thank you
  
  Scott
  
  PS: in the environment of production, all the disc 1, 2 and 3 will be on hardware RAID 1.

  RAID 1 will protect you only a device failure. It won't protect you partition, the file damage system or user errors; It will be in the image of the errors and problems like any other data.

  So what happens if you delete by mistake / U01 or some other accident happens and you loose that partition? With your current setup, you will lose everything and will not be able to restore or recover the database. Put tablespaces FRA and DB on the same physical device is certainly a very bad idea, whether or not it is a RAID.

  ASM is not a software RAID 1 mirror. It ensures redundancy of data based on file extensions and knows about files of Oracle database, which is a very good thing. You probably do not want to specify 'external redundancy.

  In a production system, you'll certainly want to mux the critical data and to store the DB controlfiles, redo logs and finally archivelogs on media separate physically in order to avoid the single point of failures wherever possible. You can use partitions and volumes in ASM, but they should be separate physical drives, otherwise you will bypass the ASM data redundancy. You must also have a solid strategy for RMAN backup. The FRA is supposed to store backupsets RMAN, copies of the image, the important archivelogs and multiplexes of the copies of the database files and should therefore always on a separate physical disk.

  Unless you simply play, I strongly suggest that review you your current configuration.

  Published by: Dude on June 29, 2012 04:55

• Restore the data to backup the Windows XP system files

  I have a backup of the Windows XP system to an external drive.  I need to restore my data from this external hard drive files only.  I don't have an XP machine.  Ideally, I would like to restore my data files on a Windows 7 computer and save them to the external drive. Is this possible?  If so, simple step by step instructions can be provided.  Thank you.

  Hi Denise_898,

  1. How were you running the backup of files on Windows XP?

  2. what program did you use to backup files in Windows XP?

  If you use the ntbackup utility available in Windows XP, you use NT Backup Restore Utility for Windows 7.

  Restore description of the backup of Windows NT to Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2

  http://support.Microsoft.com/kb/974674

  How to use the backup utility to back up files and folders in Windows XP Home Edition

  http://support.Microsoft.com/kb/308422