Transport and Application Layer relationship through Segmentation

Hello!

I have a question and I didn't know what section, can I ask that.

I understand that the application layer data to the transport layer. and this is to be split into "segments".

If he really be segmented, sliced, it should be preserved somewhere, right?

a request for a specific retransmission of a segment came - whence the tcp takes this segment of? memory?

the fact that memory has all the data and the transport layer have simply a description of the 'of a - c which is segment 1' "d-e, which is the segment 2"?

or all segments are really stored "sliced" somewhere?

I feel funny asking this but it poped upward and it's interesting,

hope my question is understandable

Hello

You basically ask the subject how TCP or UDP is implemented in an operating system. There are no standards for this, just best practice that has evolved over the years.

When your application want to communicate over the network with a server using TCP, for example, it must first open a socket. Taking represents an endpoint of a communication, and it's your object you use in your application to talk to the other party. C, is a description of file, very similar to an open file. If you want to talk to the other end, you write data on the socket, and if you want to see what data the other party sent you, you read the decision-making.

As soon as you write a certain amount of data in decision-making, it is taken by your operating system. It copies the data from your program (the so-called userspace) into the internal buffer managed by the core of your operating system (the so-called kernelspace). Note that as soon as the data are copied to userspace for the kernelspace, the nucleus has its own copy of the data you want to transfer to the other side and can chop her segment, wrap according to his wishes, without modifying the original data in your userspace program. This does not mean, however, that the copied data must be changed - read more.

So in the kernelspace, after you call the write() function, the amount of data you have written into the socket is segmented, encapsulated and sent on his way. If you use a reliable transport protocol then segments are released of the kernelspace immediately after sending. If you use a reliable transport protocol segments are deallocated only after recognition of the other side. If the buffering takes place, Yes, and it's in a part of the memory that is maintained by your kernel for its internal use.

so does that memory has the  complete data and the transport layer simply have a description of "from  a-c thats segment 1" "from d-e thats segment 2" ?

or all the segments are really being stored "sliced" somewhere ?

It is an implementation-specific issue. It depends on how much your driver TCP/IP is written and what is more effective for the operating system. In general, however, it is more efficient to store the original unmodified data and instead, have only a set of pointers that point to specific compensation where the data item must be divided and wrapped separately. In this way, it is easy to adapt to changes in the TCP window size, for example. If you already divided and encapsulated data and TCP window size has changed, you need to defragment the data and repackage them which would be very inefficient.

Best regards

Peter

Tags: Cisco Network

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