Choice of index when 2 index have similar columns

Long after, in summary: I a table with 2 indexes, col1, col2 and col3, col1, col2. If I run a query provides values for col1 and col2, I expect the index of the 2 column to use, but it is not. I'm guessing that the optimizer based on CSSTidy based his decision on the value of avg_data_blocks_per_key as the cost for table is different in each query. But it is not (completely?) holding account of how this will change when the index columns is excluded:

It is possible to add an indicator of index in the code, but I don't like this as a matter of course, and when I do not understand what makes the optimizer.

Now follows the details of the table and the index.

USER_INDEXES, showing differences expected in AVG_DATA_BLOCKS_PER_KEY
Note statistics recently gathered on CX02 to see if that makes a difference, I get more temporary space to do this about the CX03, after that, I expect the leaf_blocks & distinct_keys to ~ 50% higher about the CX03. The differences are pretty near what I expected however, CX03 is almost unique and feel the two clusters.
INDEX_NAME                    : REFTABLE_CX02               REFTABLE_CX03
INDEX_TYPE                    : NORMAL                      NORMAL
TABLE_OWNER                   : ACTD00                      ACTD00
TABLE_NAME                    : REFTABLE                    REFTABLE
TABLE_TYPE                    : TABLE                       TABLE
UNIQUENESS                    : NONUNIQUE                   NONUNIQUE
COMPRESSION                   : DISABLED                    DISABLED
PREFIX_LENGTH                 :                             
TABLESPACE_NAME               : ACT_INDEXES_X128M           ACT_INDEXES_X128M
INI_TRANS                     : 2                           2
MAX_TRANS                     : 255                         255
INITIAL_EXTENT                : 134217728                   134217728
NEXT_EXTENT                   : 134217728                   134217728
MIN_EXTENTS                   : 1                           1
MAX_EXTENTS                   : 2147483645                  2147483645
PCT_INCREASE                  : 0                           0
PCT_THRESHOLD                 :                             
INCLUDE_COLUMN                :                             
FREELISTS                     :                             
FREELIST_GROUPS               :                             
PCT_FREE                      : 10                          10
LOGGING                       : YES                         YES
BLEVEL                        : 3                           3
LEAF_BLOCKS                   : 6175698                     6159664
DISTINCT_KEYS                 : 76747169                    926267839
"AVG_LEAF_BLOCKS_PER_KEY       : 1                           1"
"AVG_DATA_BLOCKS_PER_KEY       : 10                          1"
CLUSTERING_FACTOR             : 773025434                   661852333
STATUS                        : VALID                       VALID
NUM_ROWS                      : 1508335135                  1054996402
SAMPLE_SIZE                   : 1508335135                  1054996402
LAST_ANALYZED                 : 27/03/2013 15:08:56         18/01/2012 02:01:11
DEGREE                        : 1                           1
INSTANCES                     : 1                           1
PARTITIONED                   : NO                          NO
TEMPORARY                     : N                           N
GENERATED                     : N                           N
SECONDARY                     : N                           N
BUFFER_POOL                   : DEFAULT                     DEFAULT
FLASH_CACHE                   : DEFAULT                     DEFAULT
CELL_FLASH_CACHE              : DEFAULT                     DEFAULT
USER_STATS                    : NO                          NO
DURATION                      :                             
PCT_DIRECT_ACCESS             :                             
ITYP_OWNER                    :                             
ITYP_NAME                     :                             
PARAMETERS                    :                             
GLOBAL_STATS                  : YES                         YES
DOMIDX_STATUS                 :                             
DOMIDX_OPSTATUS               :                             
FUNCIDX_STATUS                :                             
JOIN_INDEX                    : NO                          NO
IOT_REDUNDANT_PKEY_ELIM       : NO                          NO
DROPPED                       : NO                          NO
VISIBILITY                    : VISIBLE                     VISIBLE
DOMIDX_MANAGEMENT             :                             
SEGMENT_CREATED               : YES                         YES
Table and Index of columns:
SQL> select * from user_ind_columns where index_name in('REFTABLE_CX02','REFTABLE_CX03') order by 1,4;

INDEX_NAME                     TABLE_NAME                     COLUMN_NAME                    COLUMN_POSITION COLUMN_LENGTH CHAR_LENGTH DESC
______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ _______________ _____________ ___________ ____
REFTABLE_CX02                  REFTABLE                       REFNO                                        1            22           0 ASC
REFTABLE_CX02                  REFTABLE                       REFTYPESEQNO                                 2            22           0 ASC
REFTABLE_CX03                  REFTABLE                       REFNO                                        1            22           0 ASC
REFTABLE_CX03                  REFTABLE                       TMSTAMP                                      2             7           0 ASC
REFTABLE_CX03                  REFTABLE                       REFTYPESEQNO                                 3            22           0 ASC

SQL> desc reftable
Name                                                              Null?    Type
----------------------------------------------------------------- -------- ------------
REFSEQNO                                                          NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
ACTIVITYSEQNO                                                     NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
REFTYPESEQNO                                                      NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
REFNO                                                             NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
HIDEIND                                                           NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
USID                                                              NOT NULL VARCHAR2(16)
TMSTAMP                                                           NOT NULL DATE
With no clues, uses 'erroneous' index because the cost is 'too low '.
I can't access on both columns and filter on the second.
SQL> explain plan for
  2  select *
  3  from   RefTable
  4  where  RefTypeSeqNo = :1
  5  and    RefNo = :2;

Explained.

SQL> @?\rdbms\admin\utlxpls
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name          | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |               |     3 |   126 |     6   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| REFTABLE      |     3 |   126 |     6   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN          | REFTABLE_CX03 |     3 |       |     4   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
   2 - access("REFNO"=TO_NUMBER(:2) AND "REFTYPESEQNO"=TO_NUMBER(:1))
       filter("REFTYPESEQNO"=TO_NUMBER(:1))
15 rows selected.
Plan with suspicion, which should be better
SQL> explain plan for
  2  select /*+INDEX (RefTable REFTABLE_CX02) */
  3         *
  4  from   RefTable
  5  where  RefTypeSeqNo = :1
  6  and    RefNo = :2;
Explained.
SQL> @?\rdbms\admin\utlxpls
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name          | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |               |     3 |   126 |    15   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| REFTABLE      |     3 |   126 |    15   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN          | REFTABLE_CX02 |    14 |       |     4   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
   2 - access("REFNO"=TO_NUMBER(:2) AND "REFTYPESEQNO"=TO_NUMBER(:1))

14 rows selected.
with the actual queries
First of all on bad index - logical upper bed
SQL> set autotrace traceonly explain statistics
SQL> select *
  2  from   RefTable
  3  where  RefTypeSeqNo = 0
  4  and    RefNo = 57748;

629 rows selected.

Statistics
__________________________________________________________
          8  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
       1156  consistent gets
        588  physical reads
      32828  redo size
      32709  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        811  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
         43  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
        629  rows processed
Then, using the indicator:
SQL> select /*+INDEX (RefTable REFTABLE_CX02) */
  2         *
  3  from   RefTable
  4  where  RefTypeSeqNo = 0
  5  and    RefNo = 57748;

629 rows selected.

Statistics
__________________________________________________________
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
        633  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
      32709  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        811  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
         43  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
        629  rows processed
Plans are the same as those planned (see above), so I did not understand them here.

Thank you for your time,

Ben

bencol wrote:


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name          | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |               |     3 |   126 |     6   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| REFTABLE      |     3 |   126 |     6   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN          | REFTABLE_CX03 |     3 |       |     4   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - access("REFNO"=TO_NUMBER(:2) AND "REFTYPESEQNO"=TO_NUMBER(:1))
filter("REFTYPESEQNO"=TO_NUMBER(:1))
15 rows selected.

SQL> @?\rdbms\admin\utlxpls
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name          | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |               |     3 |   126 |    15   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| REFTABLE      |     3 |   126 |    15   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN          | REFTABLE_CX02 |    14 |       |     4   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - access("REFNO"=TO_NUMBER(:2) AND "REFTYPESEQNO"=TO_NUMBER(:1))

14 rows selected.

I don't think you said what version of Oracle, but it looks like 10 gr 2.

Note that the second plan calculates the cost of index and lines and the cost of the table based on an estaimate of 14 lines - that the optimizer has drifted through the value of distinct_keys for the index. Oracle can do because the predicates you have are an exact match for the index it uses. However, when calculating the cardinality of the table he "forgets" the cardinalilty of the index and applies the old 'product selectivity' algorithm for two columns.

For the first plan, however, the columns are NOT an exact match for the index definition, then Oracle uses the product of column selectivity to work all the costs and cardinalities - in this case to give a much lower cardinality on the scan of the index systematic range as well even if the index is more fat low cost and it also gives a much lower cost than access the table. In this case the difference in actual work done is not huge - it's basically the analysis of range index greater impact, although different order in which you collect the rows in the table could have various side effects in a more complex query. (Of course the difference in cost for this step could cause dramatic differences in the execution plan for a query more complex.)

11 g (same release 1) the optimizer uses the values of the exact index distinct_keys in two sets of calculations, and it will follow the cardinality of the table using the same calculation of distinct_keys. As a side effect of the upgrade, you can find a lot of change because the execution plans (following the example given), the cardinality of the table estaimtes can increase sgnificantly - a factor of almost 5 in the example.

Update: I forgot that I had written the basic problem on my blog a few years ago: http://jonathanlewis.wordpress.com/2008/03/11/everything-changes/
Concerning
Jonathan Lewis

Published by: Jonathan Lewis on March 30, 2013 09:02

Tags: Database

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