Find tables without primary keys

DB version: 10g Release 2

We have several tables that do not have a primary key.

I need to use USER_CONSTRAINTS view to find which of these tables that do not have a primary key.
The following query will not work because there obviously returns all records where CONSTRAINT_TYPE! = « P »
select table_name from user_Constraints WHERE constraint_type != 'P'
I need to jump those table_names who have at least one occurrence of CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'P '.

Select table_name from user_tables where table_name
not in
(
Select the table table_name from user_constraints where constraint_type = 'P '.
)

Tags: Database

Similar Questions

  • You would design Tables without primary key?

    If you were asked to design a schema, if you create a table (however irrelevant) without a primary key? For example, a 'unprofessional' table such as a logging of errors table that records exceptions thrown from stored procedures, create you this table without a primary key?

    In a relational database you define und work with entities (tables) and you put in relationship to each other by joins. An entity must by definition always be identified by a unique key.
    If you don't know what kind of unique key identifies your entries in the table, it is almost certain that working from home in your datamodel and table designs had not been made. Your database objects contain tables, and they must have a unique identifier. Often it is a primary key (PK) composed of several columns.

    By definition a datamodel that contains the tables without primary keys is nomore a relational datamodel and one of the fundamental bases for the creation of a relational database is violated.

    Frankly I do not understand why Oracle allows the tables without primary key. Another system such as SAP R/3 are more stringent. Primary keys are required in the SAP and believe, when starting, it is sometimes tedious to define the primary key structures, but it's the basis of designing together relational datamodel you will put in place. You now SAP is based often on a DB ORACLE layer. They could do it, and these "extend" their functionality. But they are smart guys in Walldorf, and they always refrained to do. It's a good guess to believe, they have a good reason for it.

    Tables without primary key are NO relational tables, they are dungpiles. As Oracle needs priimary key itself in order to operate a relational database, ROWID have been defined. ROWID is the primary keys of the tables where the customer does not have a PK. But nice as ORACLE is, they strongly recommend not to use these ROWID in the application or database layer. ROWID is no identifier object that are stable in time and space (eg. two different databases in a distributed design oder a DEV and PROD-system).

    Definition of PK implies certain rules for the programming of your application and your DML operations. Especially you often MERGE in a relational table instead of simply INSERT'ing piece in a dungpile.

    When it later on with SELECT large datavolumes dataaccess, again the differences between well-defined joins (all based on the PK-relations) and joins non-unique keys will be the order of magnitude. Not only that, the latest degrades in performance much more quickly with the growth of result sets. When you start fumbling with no UNIQUE INDEXES, speed up performance in the operations of dungpiling you are already closer to hell than on a sunny day in the world of relational data.

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    I would like to get the sum of column A of table 1 and the sum of column D in table 2 without using the primary key.

    Because I can't link the two tables, the only corresponding value is not the primary key.

    TABLE 1

    COLUMN A.     COLUMN B |    COLUMN C

    PAID NUMBER DESCRIPTION

    15472 blabla1 S15-875

    18515S15-875 blabla1

    215526.52 blabla2 D17-517

    ...                               ...                           ...

    TABLE 2

    COLUMN D |     COLUMN E |    COLUMN F

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    158520 D17-517 blabla2

    8964D17-517

    blabla2

    I would like to see the number, the sum of which should be paid and what has been paid.

    But as you can see, you can pay in several times and there may be several invoices.

    There is therefore no link between two tables which is a primary key in both entities.

    No idea how I could get it?

    NUMBER |    DESCRIPTION |    BILL |     PAID

    S15-875 185525 33987 blabla1

    D17-517 blabla2 167484 215526.52

    The tables can be attached on «NUMBER», regardless of weather conditions, as a primary key is defined.

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  2    (         select 15472     as paid, 'S15-875' as "NUMBER", 'blabla1' as description from dual
  3    union all select 18515     as paid, 'S15-875' as "NUMBER", 'blabla1' as description from dual
  4    union all select 215526.52 as paid, 'D17-517' as "NUMBER", 'blabla2' as description from dual
  5    )
  6  , table_2 as
  7    (         select 185525    as invoice, 'S15-875' as "NUMBER", 'blabla1' as description from dual
  8    union all select 158520    as invoice, 'D17-517' as "NUMBER", 'blabla2' as description from dual
  9    union all select 8964      as invoice, 'D17-517' as "NUMBER", 'blabla2' as description from dual
 10    )
 11  select t1."NUMBER"     as "NUMBER"
 12  ,      t1.description  as description
 13  ,      ( select sum(t2.invoice) from table_2 t2 where t2."NUMBER" = t1."NUMBER" ) as invoice
 14  ,      sum(t1.paid)    as paid
 15  from   table_1 t1
 16  group by t1."NUMBER"
 17  ,        t1.description
 18  /

NUMBER  DESCRIP    INVOICE       PAID
------- ------- ---------- ----------
D17-517 blabla2     167484  215526.52
S15-875 blabla1     185525      33987

    BTW: 'NUMBER' is a horrible name for a column. I strongly recommend to change something that is not a reserved word.

  • Potential problems for tables without primary keys and unique keys

    GoldenGate 11.2.1.0.3/Solaris 10
    DB: Oracle for Oracle (Source and target is 11.2.0.3)
    Topology: unidirectional


    In our one-way configuration GG, little of the tables being replicated is not a primary key or a Unique key.

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Logging of supplemental redo data enabled for table WMHS_UD.crtn_dtl.
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    delete.png

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}

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(
   A   VARCHAR2 (50 CHAR),
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   C   VARCHAR2 (50 CHAR),
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   E   DATE,
   F   NUMBER,
   G   VARCHAR2 (18 CHAR),
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      G       VARCHAR2 (50 CHAR),
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                AND D = UPDATE_TEMP_DATE_TBL (I).D
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      1    index range scan index hr.temp_wed_to_monday (Cost 3: Cardinality 1)

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  • DB sequence for the primary key

    Hello

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    Oracle Version
    SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.3.0      Production
TNS for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production

SQL>
    Sample data test for Index Normal
    SQL> create table t_test_tab(col1 number, col2 number, col3 varchar2(12));

Table created.

SQL> create sequence seq_t_test_tab start with 1 increment by 1 ;

Sequence created.

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99999 rows created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(USER_OWNER','T_TEST_TAB',cascade => true);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select col1 from t_test_tab;

99999 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1565504962

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name       | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |            | 99999 |   488K|    74   (3)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| T_TEST_TAB | 99999 |   488K|    74   (3)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          1  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
       6915  consistent gets
        259  physical reads
          0  redo size
    1829388  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
      73850  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
       6668  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
      99999  rows processed

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Index created.

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('USER_OWNER','T_TEST_TAB',cascade => true); 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select col1 from t_test_tab;

99999 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1565504962

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name       | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |            | 99999 |   488K|    74   (3)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| T_TEST_TAB | 99999 |   488K|    74   (3)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          1  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
       6915  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
    1829388  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
      73850  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
       6668  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
      99999  rows processed

SQL>
    Examples of test when using primary key data
    SQL> create table t_test_tab1(col1 number, col2 number, col3 varchar2(12));

Table created.

SQL> create sequence seq_t_test_tab1 start with 1 increment by 1 ;

Sequence created.

SQL> insert into t_test_tab1 select seq_t_test_tab1.nextval, round(dbms_random.value(1,999)) , 'B'||round(dbms_random.value(1,50))||'A' from dual connect by level < 100000;
 
99999 rows created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('USER_OWNER','T_TEST_TAB1',cascade => true);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select col1 from t_test_tab1;

99999 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1727568366

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name        | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |             | 99999 |   488K|    74   (3)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| T_TEST_TAB1 | 99999 |   488K|    74   (3)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          1  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
       6915  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
    1829388  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
      73850  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
       6668  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
      99999  rows processed

SQL> alter table t_test_tab1 add constraint pk_t_test_tab1 primary key (col1);

Table altered.

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('USER_OWNER','T_TEST_TAB1',cascade => true); 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select col1 from t_test_tab1;

99999 rows selected.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2995826579

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation            | Name           | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT     |                | 99999 |   488K|    59   (2)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| PK_T_TEST_TAB1 | 99999 |   488K|    59   (2)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          1  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
       6867  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
    1829388  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
      73850  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
       6668  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
      99999  rows processed

SQL>
    If you see here the same even as the statistics were gathered,
    * In the 1st table T_TEST_TAB, table always use FULL table access after creating indexes.
    * And in the 2nd table T_TEST_TAB1, table uses PRIMARY KEY as expected.

    Any comments?

    Kind regards
    BPat

    >
    * In the 1st table T_TEST_TAB, table always use FULL table access after creating indexes.
    * And in the 2nd table T_TEST_TAB1, table uses PRIMARY KEY as expected.
    >
    Yes - for the first table a full table scan will be used as the currently selected column is nullable and indexes do not include null values.

    The index can be used for the second query, since all the data (first column) is available between the index and there may be no NULL values because of the primary key. If you check constraints, you find that the there is now a CHECK constraint to ensure that the first column cannot be null.

    For a full and interesting discussion see the explanation of this and a related issue on the question I ask in this thread
    What SYS tables (not seen) contain the value NULL spec /not/ column definition? and my response he posted: 23 April 2012 09:02

    I ask the question is based on a question here which is similar to yours
    Columns becoming nullable after a fall of primary key?

  • dependencies of key foreign primary keys

    Hi the gems...

    I have a table with primary key composite (COL1, COL2)...
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