Difference between the immediate and normal constraint primary key value

Hello
I tried the following to understand the difference between immediate constraint set and the primary normal stress
create table cust (cust_id number ,cust_name varchar2(25));

alter table cust add constraint cust_id_pk primary key(cust_id)
deferrable initially deferred;

SQL> insert into cust values(1,'raj');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into cust values(1,'sam');

1 row created.

SQL> commit;
commit
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02091: transaction rolled back
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.CUST_ID_PK) violated


SQL> set constraint cust_id_pk immediate;

Constraint set.

SQL> 
SQL> insert into cust values(1,'lata');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into cust values(1,'lata');
insert into cust values(1,'lata')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.CUST_ID_PK) violated
The above error violation even works for a normal constraints primary / unique

So what is the use of the command

immediate Set constraint cust_id_pk;


Thank you

So what is the use of the command

In fact, the use of the command when you're dealing with foreign key constraints. As explained below

 SQL>  create table cust (cust_id number ,cust_name varchar2(25), supplier_id number);

Table created.

SQL> create table supp(supplier_id number);

Table created.

SQL> alter table supp add primary key(supplier_id);

Table altered.

SQL>  ALTER TABLE cust ADD CONSTRAINT fk_cust_supp
  2    FOREIGN KEY (supplier_id)
  3    REFERENCES supp (supplier_id)
  4    DEFERRABLE
  5    INITIALLY deferred;

Table altered.

To insert a line in the cust table without entering Ref provider table supp

SQL> insert into cust values(1,'raj',111);

1 row created.

Line by 1 created successfully (attention this validation is not yet done) because the foreign key constraint is initially deferred.

Now

SQL> set constraint fk_cust_supp immediate;
set constraint fk_cust_supp immediate
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02291: integrity constraint (OWNER.FK_CUST_SUPP) violated - parent key not found

Since Ref no outs in extra table so forced provider violated.

allows to insert a row in the vendor corresponding with the vendor id in the cust table id

SQL> insert into supp values(111);

1 row created.

Now, try

SQL> set constraint fk_cust_supp immediate;

Constraint set.

but now, if you try to insert a row into the table cust without this vendor id in table supp, it give error (since now forced to check from the inserted row, even will not wait for commit)

SQL>  insert into cust values(3,'bob',222);
 insert into cust values(3,'bob',222)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02291: integrity constraint (OWNER.FK_CUST_SUPP) violated - parent key not found

Also, in the case of primary key constraints will be checked when you perform VALIDATION, otherwise that it will allow you to insert the second row.

SQL> alter table cust add constraint cust_id_pk primary key(cust_id)
  2  deferrable initially deferred;

Table altered.

SQL> insert into cust values(1,'raj');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into cust values(1,'sam');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into cust values(1,'bob');

1 row created.

SQL> commit;
commit
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02091: transaction rolled back
ORA-00001: unique constraint (OWNER.CUST_ID_PK) violated

SQL> 

SQL> drop table cust;

Table dropped.

SQL> create table cust (cust_id number ,cust_name varchar2(25));

Table created.

SQL> alter table cust add constraint cust_id_pk primary key(cust_id)
  2  deferrable initially deferred;

Table altered.

SQL> set constraint cust_id_pk immediate;

Constraint set.

SQL> insert into cust values(1,'raj');

1 row created.

SQL>  insert into cust values(1,'sam');
 insert into cust values(1,'sam')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (OWNER.CUST_ID_PK) violated

SQL>

Published by: Azhar Husain on July 27, 2011 12:01

Tags: Database

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