question about group by function

Hello

I need to know why when the clause is not used, and the having clause is used in the function group, can any one will contact

When the clause is used to filter the lines in service come pathological column.
He selects and filters-out of the lines in the table listed in the from clause.

for example if you have a table with matching employees and departments, and you want to see all employees of departments 10,20,30,40 and 50; you will use this condition in where clause

select
    dept_id, emp_id
from
    employee
where
   dept_id in(10,20,30,40);

Now let's say you want to check the number of employees in these departments

select
    dept_id, count(emp_id)
from
    employee
where
   dept_id in(10,20,30,40)
group by
   dept_id;

now, if you need to select only the departments that have more than 1000 employees in them, your query will look like this:

select
    dept_id, count(emp_id)
from
    employee
where
   dept_id in(10,20,30,40)
group by
   dept_id
having count(emp_id) > 1000;

Here the condition where clause filters out all departments other than 10,20,30,40,50; the condition that must be applied for further filtering some departments on a per employee basis, cannot be applied in the where clause as it should be applied after + the function group worked on the rows of the table; After calculating the number of employees in each Department. Where the need for the clause which is evaluated after the group by the having clause.

I hope this helps.

Tags: Database

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    In case you are interested, that's my definition of the table:
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    Edited by: dariyoosh on April 9, 2009 04:51

    It is clear that thet Analytics is reduntant here...
    You can even use AVG or any analytic function...

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      3  FROM myenterprise
      4  GROUP BY city
      5  ORDER BY city, TOTAL_SALES_PER_CITY;
    
    CITY       TOTAL_SALES_PER_CITY
    ---------- --------------------
    london                    10500
    paris                     17000
    
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           HAVING  sum(case when t.cno in ('CS112', 'CS114')
                            then 1
                            else 0
                       end)  = 1;
    

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    24 JANUARY 14 09.45.42.253732 H + 01:00

    SQL >

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    1 line of creation.

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    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    24 JANUARY 14 09.45.42.253732 H + 01:00

    SQL >

    Why introduce the foregoing did not fail? the data type of the column in my table colval expects a timestamp with time zone

    during each which inserts as I understand (correct me if I'm wrong) is not provided by the localTimeStamp function.

    Could someone kindly tell me what I misunderstood?

    Thanks in advance,

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