Rownum and order of columns not indexed

Why ROWNUM continue to take the same cost?

Why can't you see no difference between the ORDER of SORTING BY STOPKEY and just SORT ORDER BY?

SQL_ID, 9vccbf2dtazuq, number of children 0

-------------------------------------

Select * from (select * from PROCESS_MESSAGE by id) where

rownum < 101

Hash value of plan: 2507589572

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| ID | Operation | Name               | Lines | Bytes | TempSpc | Cost (% CPU). Time |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |                    |       |       |       |  1252K (100) |          |

|*  1 |  COUNT STOPKEY |                    |       |       |       |            |          |

|   2.   VIEW                  |                    |    26 M |    40G |       |  1252K (1) | 00:00:49 |

|*  3 |    SORT BY STOPKEY ORDER.                    |    26 M |  4736M |  5835M |  1252K (1) | 00:00:49 |

|   4.     TABLE ACCESS FULL | PROCESS_MESSAGE |    26 M |  4736M |       |   170K (1) | 00:00:07 |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Information of predicates (identified by the operation identity card):

---------------------------------------------------

1 - filter(ROWNUM<101)

3 - filter(ROWNUM<101)

SQL_ID, 2zwdanc062902, number of children 0

-------------------------------------

Select * from PROCESS_MESSAGE by id

Hash value of plan: 1046773234

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| ID | Operation | Name               | Lines | Bytes | TempSpc | Cost (% CPU). Time |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |                    |       |       |       |  1252K (100) |          |

|   1.  SORT ORDER BY |                    |    26 M |  4736M |  5835M |  1252K (1) | 00:00:49 |

|   2.   TABLE ACCESS FULL | PROCESS_MESSAGE |    26 M |  4736M |       |   170K (1) | 00:00:07 |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cost is not something that I want to live. Here's a simple example. Search for the-row, A-Time and memory usage for the SORT operation on both the query to see the difference.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> create table t as
  2  select rpad ('x', 1000, 'x') str from dual
  3  connect by level <= 10000;

Table created.

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(user, 'T')

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> alter session set statistics_level = all
  2  ;

Session altered.

SQL> @temp.txt

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID  c4qj1q3h9kkyy, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select * from t order by str

Plan hash value: 3672837129
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation          | Name | Starts | E-Rows |E-Bytes|E-Temp | Cost (%CPU)| E-Time   | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers |  OMem |  1Mem | Used-Mem |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |      |      1 |        |       |       |  2018 (100)|          |  10000 |00:00:00.25 |    1433 |       |       |          |
|   1 |  SORT ORDER BY     |      |      1 |  10000 |  9775K|     9M|  2018   (1)| 00:00:20 |  10000 |00:00:00.25 |    1433 |    11M|  1285K|    9M (0)|
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| T    |      1 |  10000 |  9775K|       |   225   (1)| 00:00:03 |  10000 |00:00:00.02 |    1433 |       |       |          |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14 rows selected.

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID  8a53npuzuxxj5, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select * from (select * from t order by str) where rownum <= 50

Plan hash value: 1317717595
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation               | Name | Starts | E-Rows |E-Bytes|E-Temp | Cost (%CPU)| E-Time   | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers |  OMem |  1Mem | Used-Mem |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT        |      |      1 |        |       |       |  2018 (100)|          |     50 |00:00:00.08 |    1433 |       |       |          |
|*  1 |  COUNT STOPKEY          |      |      1 |        |       |       |            |          |     50 |00:00:00.08 |    1433 |       |       |          |
|   2 |   VIEW                  |      |      1 |  10000 |  4902K|       |  2018   (1)| 00:00:20 |     50 |00:00:00.08 |    1433 |       |       |          |
|*  3 |    SORT ORDER BY STOPKEY|      |      1 |  10000 |  9775K|     9M|  2018   (1)| 00:00:20 |     50 |00:00:00.08 |    1433 | 61440 | 61440 |55296  (0)|
|   4 |     TABLE ACCESS FULL   | T    |      1 |  10000 |  9775K|       |   225   (1)| 00:00:03 |  10000 |00:00:00.01 |    1433 |       |       |          |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
   1 - filter(ROWNUM<=50)
   3 - filter(ROWNUM<=50)

22 rows selected.

Edited...

Looking for more, if you see the lines-E in the second request its 10000 for SORTING display. But the row that is the true value is 50. Maybe this could be a factor why the cost of both the request are the same.

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