what code is better-how reading explain plan

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• How to keep the formatting explain plan made on this forum

  Can you please tell me as a way to preserve the formatting of explain plan made on this forum. I tried to use the '-' tag, but failed.

  \

  PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Hash value of plan: 615168685

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  | ID | Operation | Name | Lines | Bytes | Cost (% CPU). Time |

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |      |    23.  1242.     7 (15) | 00:00:01 |

  |*  1 |  HASH JOIN |      |    23.  1242.     7 (15) | 00:00:01 |

  |   2.   TABLE ACCESS FULL | DEPT |    13.   234.     3 (0) | 00:00:01 |

  |   3.   TABLE ACCESS FULL | EMP |    23.   828 |     3 (0) | 00:00:01 |

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Information of predicates (identified by the operation identity card):

  ---------------------------------------------------

  1 - access("E".") DEPTNO "=" D ". ("' DEPTNO ')

  15 selected lines.

  \

  Go to advanced editor and change the font to a fixed-width font e.g. Courier New

  PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Hash value of plan: 615168685

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  | ID | Operation | Name | Lines | Bytes | Cost (% CPU). Time |

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |      |    23.  1242.     7 (15) | 00:00:01 |

  |*  1 |  HASH JOIN |      |    23.  1242.     7 (15) | 00:00:01 |

  |   2.   TABLE ACCESS FULL | DEPT |    13.   234.     3 (0) | 00:00:01 |

  |   3.   TABLE ACCESS FULL | EMP |    23.   828 |     3 (0) | 00:00:01 |

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Information of predicates (identified by the operation identity card):

  ---------------------------------------------------

  1 - access("E".") DEPTNO "=" D ". ("' DEPTNO ')

  15 selected lines.

• DECODE is changing the explain plan

  I have a statement with a decoding function in the where clause like this:
  

  AND decode(:cropcode,-1,'-1',sdu.u_crop_group) = decode(:cropcode,-1,'-1',:cropcode)

  When I have a package-1 as parameter for cropgroup the filter would result by ' AND '-1' = '-1', and the statement is executed in less than 2 seconds.»»» When I leave this where clause it takes almost 18 seconds. The result is the same so I don't understand why the explain plan command is so different and why not use index scans in the statement without decoding.
  
  Below plans to explain and tkprofs to 1 (no decode) and 2 (decode).
  
  * explain 1 *.
  {code}
  SQL statement that produced these data:
  Select * from table (dbms_xplan.display)
  
  PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
  
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  | ID | Operation | Name | Lines | Bytes | TempSpc | Cost (% CPU).
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | 7080 | 2413K | 43611 (2) |
  | 1. SORT ORDER BY | 7080 | 2413K | 5224K | 43611 (2) |
  |* 2 | FILTER |
  |* 3 | HASH JOIN | 7156. 2 438 K | 43075 (2) |
  | 4. TABLE ACCESS FULL | DWH_ABS_DETERMINATION | 17745. 363KO | 83 (0) |
  |* 5 | OUTER HASH JOIN | 7156. 2292K | 42991 (2) |
  |* 6 | HASH JOIN | 7156. 1355K | 42907 (2) |
  |* 7 | HASH JOIN | 6987. 1187K | 19170 (2) |
  |* 8 | HASH JOIN | 6947 | 963K | 10376 (1) |
  |* 9 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | ALIQUOT | 3. 144. 3 (0) |
  | 10. NESTED LOOPS | 6907. 897K | 8577 (1) |
  | * 11 | HASH JOIN | 2264 | 187K | 1782 (2) |
  | 12. TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | SAMPLE | 190. 4370. 17 (0) |
  | 13. NESTED LOOPS | 2264 | 152K | 107 (1) |
  | 14. NESTED LOOPS | 12. 552. 25 (0) |
  | * 15 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | SDG_USER | 12. 288. 13 (0) |
  | 16. TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | SDG | 1. 22. 1 (0) |
  | * 17. INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PK_SDG | 1 | | | 0 (0) |
  | * 18. INDEX RANGE SCAN | FK_SAMPLE_SDG | 597. 2 (0) |
  | 19. TABLE ACCESS FULL | SAMPLE_USER | 1078K | 16 M | 1669 (1) |
  | * 20. INDEX RANGE SCAN | FK_ALIQUOT_SAMPLE | 3 | | | 2 (0) |
  | 21. TABLE ACCESS FULL | ALIQUOT_USER | 3403K | 29 M | 1781 (3) |
  | 22. TABLE ACCESS FULL | TEST | 3423K | 104 M | 8775 (2) |
  | * 23. TABLE ACCESS FULL | RESULT | 3435K | 65 M | 23718 (2) |
  | 24. VIEW | PLATE | 21787 | 2851K | 84 (2).
  | * 25. FILTER |
  | 26. TABLE ACCESS FULL | PLATE | 21787 | 574K | 84 (2).
  | * 27. INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PK_OPERATOR_GROUP | 1. 7 | | 0 (0) |
  | * 28. INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PK_OPERATOR_GROUP | 1. 7 | | 0 (0) |
  | * 29. INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PK_OPERATOR_GROUP | 1. 7 | | 0 (0) |
  | * 30 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PK_OPERATOR_GROUP | 1. 7 | | 0 (0) |
  | * 31. INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PK_OPERATOR_GROUP | 1. 7 | | 0 (0) |
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  Information of predicates (identified by the operation identity card):
  ---------------------------------------------------
  
  2. ((«GROUP_ID» EST NULL ou EXISTE (SELECT / * + * / 0 DE "AGIL".) filter)) "OPERATOR_GROUP"
  "OPERATOR_GROUP' WHERE ' OPERATOR_ID"="LIMS$ OPERATOR_ID" () AND "GROUP_ID" =:B1)) AND ('GROUP_ID' IS NULL) "'". "
  OR EXISTS (SELECT / * + * / 0 "LIMS".) ' ' OPERATOR_GROUP ' 'OPERATOR_GROUP' WHERE
  "OPERATOR_ID"="LIMS$ OPERATOR_ID" () AND "GROUP_ID" =:B2)) AND ('GROUP_ID' IS NULL OR EXISTS (SELECT / * +)) "" "."
  * / 0 "LIMS". "' OPERATOR_GROUP ' 'OPERATOR_GROUP' WHERE ' OPERATOR_ID"="LIMS$ OPERATOR_ID" () AND "."
  (('GROUP_ID' =: B3)) AND ('GROUP_ID' IS NULL OR EXISTS (SELECT / * + * / 0 "LIMS".)) "" OPERATOR_GROUP ".
  'OPERATOR_GROUP' WHERE ' OPERATOR_ID "=" LIMS$ OPERATOR_ID "() AND"GROUP_ID "=:B4)))".
  3 - access ("U_ABS_DETERMINATION" ="DETERMINATION_ASSIGNMENT")
  5 - access("PLT".") PLATE_ID"(+) ="PLATE_ID")
  6 - access ("TEST_ID" ="TEST_ID")
  7 - access ("ALIQUOT_ID" ="ALIQUOT_ID")
  8 - access ("ALIQUOT_ID" ="ALIQUOT_ID")
  9 - filter("STATUS"='C' OR "STATUS"='P' OR "STATUS"='V')
  11 - access ("SAMPLE_ID" ="SAMPLE_ID")
  15 - filter ("U_ABS_DETERMINATION" IS NOT NULL AND "U_CLIENT_TYPE" = 'QC' AND
  "U_WEEK_OF_PROCESSING"= TO_NUMBER(:WEEK) AND "U_YEAR_OF_SAMPLE_DELIVERY' = TO_NUMBER (:YEAR)).
  17 - access ("SDG_ID" ="SDG_ID")
  18 - access ("SDG_ID" ="SDG_ID")
  20 - access ("SAMPLE_ID" ="SAMPLE_ID")
  23 - filter ('NAME' = 'End result')
  25 - filter("GROUP_ID" IS NULL OR EXISTS (SELECT /*+ */ 0 FROM "LIMS".")) OPERATOR_GROUP ".
  'OPERATOR_GROUP' WHERE ' OPERATOR_ID "=" LIMS$ OPERATOR_ID "() AND"GROUP_ID "=:B1))".
  27 - access ("GROUP_ID" =: B1 AND "OPERATOR_ID"="LIMS$ OPERATOR_ID" ())
  28 - access ("GROUP_ID" =: B1 AND "OPERATOR_ID"="LIMS$ OPERATOR_ID" ())
  29 - access ("GROUP_ID" =: B1 AND "OPERATOR_ID"="LIMS$ OPERATOR_ID" ())
  30 - access ("GROUP_ID" =: B1 AND "OPERATOR_ID"="LIMS$ OPERATOR_ID" ())
  31 - access ("GROUP_ID" =: B1 AND "OPERATOR_ID"="LIMS$ OPERATOR_ID" ())
  
  Note
  -----
  -"PLAN_TABLE' is old version
  {code}
  
  
  * tkprof 1 *.
  {code}
  
  TKPROF: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Jan 13 13:21:47 2009
  
  Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
  
  Trace file: C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\admin\nautp02\udump\nautp02_ora_880.trc
  Sorting options: by default
  
  ********************************************************************************
  Count = number of times OIC procedure has been executed
  CPU = time in seconds cpu execution
  elapsed = elapsed time in seconds the execution
  disc = number of physical reads from disk buffers
  Query = number of buffers for a consistent reading
  current = number of buffers in current mode (usually for the update)
  rows = number of rows processed by extracting or execute the call
  ********************************************************************************
  
  SELECT sdu.u_crop_group,
  SD. Name as sdg_name,
  ad.variety_name,
  ad.batch_number,
  B.SID as aliquot_name,
  Sau.u_box_code as box_code,
  Sau.u_box_position as box_position,
  t.Nom as test_name,
  r.original_result,
  PLT. Name as plate_name,
  Concat (chr (a.plate_row + 64), a.plate_column) as plate_position,
  au.u_replicate_number as replicate_number
  OF lims_sys.sdg sd,.
  lims_sys.sdg_user STO,
  lims_sys. Sample his.
  lims_sys.sample_user sau,
  lims_sys.aliquot has,
  to the lims_sys.aliquot_user,.
  lims_sys.test t,
  lims_sys. Result r,
  PLT lims_sys.plate,
  Ad lims_sys.abs_determination
  WHERE sd.sdg_id = sdu.sdg_id
  AND sd.sdg_id = sa.sdg_id
  AND sa.sample_id = sau.sample_id
  AND sau.sample_id = a.sample_id
  AND a.aliquot_id = au.aliquot_id
  AND au.aliquot_id = t.aliquot_id
  AND t.test_id = r.test_id
  AND plt.plate_id (+) = a.plate_id
  AND sdu.u_abs_determination = ad.determination_assignment
  AND a.status IN ('V', 'P', 'C')
  AND r.name = 'result '.
  AND sdu.u_client_type = "QC".
  AND sdu.u_year_of_sample_delivery = (: year)
  AND sdu.u_week_of_processing = (: week)
  - AND decode(:cropcode,-1,'-1',sdu.u_crop_group) = decode(:cropcode,-1,'-1',:cropcode)
  ORDER BY box_code, box_position, replicate_number
  
  call the query of disc elapsed to cpu count current lines
  ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
  Run 1 1.15 1.16 0 0 0 0
  Fetch 1 8.53 16.10 227649 241266 0 500
  ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  Total 3 9.68 17,27 227649 241266 0 500
  
  Chess in the library during parsing cache: 1
  Lack in the library during execution cache: 1
  Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS
  The analysis of the user id: 97
  
  Rows Row Source operation
  ------- ---------------------------------------------------
  SORT ORDER BY 500 (cr = 241266 pr = 227649 pw = time 0 = 16104631 en)
  FILTER 21311 (cr = 241266 pr = 227649 pw = time 0 = 16246749 en)
  21311 HASH JOIN (cr = 241266 pr = 227649 pw = time 0 = 16225434 en)
  17745 TABLE ACCESS FULL DWH_ABS_DETERMINATION (cr = 374 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 69 fr)
  21311 HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER (cr = 240892 pr = 227649 pw = time 0 = 16170607 en)
  21895 VIEW PLATE (cr = 316 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 43825 US)
  21895 FILTER (cr = 316 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 43823 US)
  21895 TRAY FULL ACCESS (cr = 316 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 31 US)
  0 INDEX UNIQUE SCAN PK_OPERATOR_GROUP (cr = 0 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 0 US)(object id 45769)
  21311 HASH JOIN (cr = 240576 pr = 227649 pw = time 0 = 16106174 en)
  21311 HASH JOIN (cr = 133559 pr 121596 pw = time = 0 = 9594130 en)
  21311 HASH JOIN (cr = 94323 pr = 83281 pw = time 0 = 6917067 en)
  21311 HASH JOIN (cr = 86383 pr 75547 pw = time = 0 = 5509672 en)
  JOIN by HASH 7776 (cr = 8134 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 285364 en)
  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID SAMPLE 7776 (cr = 572 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 27152 US)
  7876 NESTED LOOPS (cr = 377 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 488287 en)
  JOIN by HASH 99 (cr = 160 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = US 4168)
  99 TABLE ACCESS FULL SDG_USER (cr = 53 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = US 1209)
  5719 TABLE ACCESS FULL SDG (cr = 107 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 17 US)
  7776 INDEX RANGE SCAN FK_SAMPLE_SDG (cr = 217 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 623 en)(object id 45990)
  1079741 TABLE ACCESS FULL SAMPLE_USER (cr = 7562 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 24 US)
  3307948 TABLE ALIQUOT FULL ACCESS (cr = 78249 pr = pw 75547 time = 0 = 3331129 en)
  3406836 TABLE ACCESS FULL ALIQUOT_USER (cr = 7940 pr 7734 pw = time = 0 = 556 en)
  3406832 TABLE TEST FULL ACCESS (cr = 39236 pr 38315 pw = time = 0 = 3413192 en)
  3406832 TABLE ACCESS FULL RESULTS (cr = 107017 pr = 106053 pw = time 0 = 6848487 en)
  0 INDEX UNIQUE SCAN PK_OPERATOR_GROUP (cr = 0 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 0 US)(object id 45769)
  0 INDEX UNIQUE SCAN PK_OPERATOR_GROUP (cr = 0 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 0 US)(object id 45769)
  0 INDEX UNIQUE SCAN PK_OPERATOR_GROUP (cr = 0 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 0 US)(object id 45769)
  0 INDEX UNIQUE SCAN PK_OPERATOR_GROUP (cr = 0 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 0 US)(object id 45769)
  
  ********************************************************************************
  
  Select 'x '.
  Of
  Double
  
  
  call the query of disc elapsed to cpu count current lines
  ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
  Run 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
  Fetch 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 1
  ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  Total 3 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 1
  
  Chess in the library during parsing cache: 0
  Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS
  The analysis of the user id: 97
  
  Rows Row Source operation
  ------- ---------------------------------------------------
  1 DOUBLE QUICK (cr = 0 pr = 0 pw = time 0 = 3 US)
  
  ********************************************************************************
  
  Start: id: = sys.dbms_transaction.local_transaction_id; end;
  
  
  call the query of disc elapsed to cpu count current lines
  ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  Parse 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
  Run 1 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 1
  Fetch 0 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
  ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  Total 2 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 1
  
  Chess in the library during parsing cache: 0
  Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS
  The analysis of the user id: 97
  
  
  
  ********************************************************************************
  
  TOTALS FOR ALL NON RECURSIVE INSTRUCTIONS
  
  call the query of disc elapsed to cpu count current lines
  ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  Parse 3 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
  Run 3 1.15 1.16 0 0 0 1
  Pick 2 8.53 16.10 227649 241266 0 501
  ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  Total 8 9.68 17,27 227649 241266 0 502
  
  Chess in the library during parsing cache: 1
  Lack in the library during execution cache: 1
  
  
  TOTALS FOR ALL RECURSIVE INSTRUCTIONS
  
  call the query of disc elapsed to cpu count current lines
  ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  Parse 30 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
  Run 30 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
  Get 30 0.00 0.00 0 40 0 10
  ------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  Total 90 0.00 0.00 0 40 0 10
  
  Chess in the library during parsing cache: 0
  
  3 the session user SQL statements.
  30 internal to SQL statements in session.
  33 SQL statements in session.
  ********************************************************************************
  Trace file: C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\admin\nautp02\udump\nautp02_ora_880.trc
  Compatibility of trace files: 10.01.00
  Sorting options: by default
  
  8 sessions in the trace file.
  3 SQL statements of the user in the trace file.
  30 internal SQL instructions in the trace file.
  33 SQL statements in the trace file.
  6 unique SQL statements in the trace file.
  633 lines in the trace file.
  23 seconds in the trace file.
  {code}

  ZI wrote:
  I have a statement with a decoding function in the where clause like this:

  AND decode(:cropcode,-1,'-1',sdu.u_crop_group) = decode(:cropcode,-1,'-1',:cropcode)
  

  When I have a package-1 as parameter for cropgroup the filter would result by ' AND '-1' = '-1', and the statement is executed in less than 2 seconds.»»» When I leave this where clause it takes almost 18 seconds. The result is the same so I don't understand why the explain plan command is so different and why not use index scans in the statement without decoding.

  I would interpret the results displayed differently.

  Execution which took 17 s according to the 241 266 coherent block played tkprof output gets but in order to do so he read 227 649 the disk blocks. Note that most of the table addressed by this query blocks were read through scanning of complete table that can take advantage of multiple blocks readings, for example if you unset the db_file_multiblock_read_count 10.2 (recommended) it usually try to read 1 MB with a read request, which are 128 blocks in case of standard block size 8 k. Due to several reasons not always the full size can be requested with each read request, lets say about 200 000 blocks could have been read by about 2,000 blocks multiple readings. Each read request would turn into a physical read, could you get an estimate approximate 25 MS per read times 2,000 applications-online 50 seconds (your system is running obviously better that the average assumed by ost g 10 base optimizer without collected statistics system workload, can be that some additional file caching system is involved).

  On the other hand, the execution plan that finished within 2 seconds completed 221 420 coherent block gets but did No physical reads at all. Note that most of the table blocks should be processed using one-piece random searches (ACCESS BY ROWID of the TABLE), according to the grouping of the indices factor, it could have been as many blocks that the lines have been returned to the range index scans. So you could have done with lets say more than 60,000 randomly accessed table blocks => until 60 000 monobloc required reading. So in the worst case, this may take 60 000 requests time 10ms by read-online 600 seconds, even if in reality at least some of the blocks will be stored in the buffer cache, so it should be less.

  It would be interesting to know how these two declarations with a cold buffer cache, so that both had to physical reads. I suppose the first is actually faster. Of course, if the second corresponds more to your typical situation that most of the blocks is in the buffer anyway, then it could be faster, because the blocks read by random access are more likely to stay in memory blocks read by complete sweep of the table, but in a true perspective of I/O the first is expected to be higher.

  Moreover, the change in the plan is probably caused by the fact that the additional predicate (DECODING) lowers the cardinality of the table of SDG_USER conduct so that LOOP IMBRIQUEE approach seems to be cheaper to the optimizer that the hash join/full scan table approach. Apparently the estimate is way off (by two orders of magnitude, in fact 100 instead of 1), then the plan is not really cheap, because it seems like the optimizer.

  By the way: two actual execution plans displayed in the output from tkprof are actually different from the displayed output of EXPLAIN the PLAN, so the statement has executed a little differently provided the facility to EXPLAIN the PLAN.

  Your PLAN_TABLE is old, since you are on 10g you should drop any PLAN_TABLEs that are in non - SYS diagrams, since 10 g already provides a global temporary Table as part of the default dictionary (SYS. Plan_table$ presentations via public synonym PLAN_TABLE).

  Kind regards
  Randolf

  Oracle related blog stuff:
  http://Oracle-Randolf.blogspot.com/

  SQLTools ++ for Oracle (Open source Oracle GUI for Windows):
  http://www.sqltools-plusplus.org:7676 /.
  http://sourceforge.NET/projects/SQLT-pp/

• Explain the explain plan

  decide to move to optimization soon. Book says join faster that the subquery in this example because the analyses involved. The "cost" to the subquery appears lower than the cost for the join. So it is confusing to me - aka How should I be interpreting this.

  Plan of subquery:

  

  join plan

  

  as you can see that the plan for the subquery has less than a cost. Could someone explain these outputs as to which application is more effective. I need to start somewhere.

  Thank you!

  The BEST way to get help when you ask questions is:

  1 ask questions on SPECIFIC things

  2. tell us EXACTLY what term, value, etc. ask abaout

  Book says join faster that the subquery in this example because the analyses involved. The "cost" to the subquery appears lower than the cost for the join. So it is confusing to me - aka How should I be interpreting this.

  OK - what BOOK are you talking about? There is not much interest to mention a book if you're not going to tell us which book it and provide a link to it and even a page number. This gives us the SCOPE of your question.

  This "cost for the subquery" are you talking about? Be specifc. It is in one of the plans that you posted? What plan? Whose cost is it? For example, you could say:

  I have a question for the foreground below. Why is the cost to the xx line lower than the cost of the second plan on line AA?

  This question refers CLEARLY to the info we're talking. The way in which you stating the question, we try to guess what plan and the lines you want to say.

  subquery plan:
  
  
  join plan
  
  
  as you can see the subquery plan has less of a cost. Could someone explain from these outputs as to which query is more efficient. I need to start from somewhere.
  

  Are you talking about line #1 in each of these plans?

  Please edit your post and tell us EXACTLY what you ask in the topic and refer to values and SPECIFIC lines. Also post a link to the book and a reference to a page number you got the information from.

  The optimizer generally chooses the REAL implementation with the lowest cost plan. It is not clear whether the plans that you have posted are ACTUAL spending plans that Oracle really determined and used or just explain plans.for what Oracle thought it might use.

  If the statistics are not up-to-date these plans do not yet reflect the reality of the data.

  And if the amount of data is a small number of blocks or other of these plans can run better than the other in reality.

  You can find this Oracle white paper "Explain the Plan explaining" useful

  http://www.Oracle.com/technetwork/database/bi-Datawarehousing/TWP-explain-the-explain-plan-052011-393674.PDF