ZFS and fragmentation

I don't see Oracle on ZFS often, in fact, I've been called also to meet the first. The database had heavy issues of IO, both by the undersized IOPS capability, but also a lack of performance on safeguards - part reading of it. The ability of the OPS / s has been extended easily by adding more LUNS, so I stayed with very poor bandwidth experienced by RMAN, reading of data files. iostat showed that during a single copy of the data file (cp and dd with 1MiB block), the average block IO size was very small and various wildly. I was afraid of fragmentation, so I started the test.

I wrote a small C program that initializes a datafile 10 GiB on ZFS and several times the fact

1-1000 random 8KiB written with random data (content) limits of 8KiB (mimicking a 8KiB database block size)

2 - a full reading of the end data file at the end in 128 * 8KiB = 1MiB e / s. (imitating the copies of the file of data, backups rman, complete sweep of the table, index full scans)

3 - goto 1

It is a data file that gets the random writes and is full analyzed to see the impact of the written word at random on the multiblock read performance. Note that the data file is not cultivated, all scriptures are on existing data.

Although I expect fragmentation (it must come from somewhere), is dismayed by the results. ZFS sucks really big time in this scenario. Ext3, on which I ran the same tests (on the exact same storage), the timings of reading have been stable (around), ZFS started with 10 ms and went up 35ms for 1 128 * 8Kib IO after 100,000 random writes to the file. It has not reached the end of the trial again - service times continue to increase, so the test takes a very long time. I expect to stop somewhere - the file might finally be completely fragmented and cannot be broken up more.

I started noticing statements that seem to recognize this behavior in some Oracle whitepapers, as otherwise unexplained tips to copy data files regularly. Indeed, copy the file back it defragments. I cannot tell you all this means downtime.

On the production server, this issue got so bad that the migration to a new system of different files by copying the files will take much longer that restore backup to disk - backup to disk are written once and are not fragmented. They are lucky, the application requires full scan of the table or index fast full, or perhaps unfortunate scans, because this question were would become impossible to ignore earlier.

I have observed the fragmentation with all the logbias and detailleerecordsize parameters that are recommended by Oracle for ZFS. ZFS caches could use RAM 14GiB (and moslty made), bigger than the file itself.

The question is, of course, am I missing something here? Who else has experienced this problem?

Hi Jan-marten,

Well, I had a customer business of multi-billion dollar, running Oracle on ZFS (Solaris x 86) infrastructure and it works pretty well. In fact, ZFS introduces a "new level of complexity", but it's worth for some clients (especially the snapshot have for example).

> S o that I stayed with very poor bandwidth experienced by RMAN read the data file

Maybe you hit a question I/O timing. I wrote a blog post on a ZFS problem and its synchronization with RMAN I/O behavior: performance (backup) [Oracle] RMAN with synchronous i/o depends on the OS limits

Unfortunately, you have not provided enough information to confirm this.

> I have observed the fragmentation with all the logbias and detailleerecordsize parameters that are recommended by Oracle for ZFS.

How the layout of the ZFS pool looks like? Is the entire database in the same pool? As a first step, you need to separate the log files and data in different ponds. ZFS works with "copy on write".

How the free ZFS space look like? Depending on the free space of the ZFS pool, you can delay the "ZFS" snood or sometimes let (based on usage of the pool), it disappears completely.

ZFS snood can be traced with DTrace. For example like this:

shell> dtrace -qn 'fbt::zio_gang_tree_issue:entry { @[pid]=count(); }' -c "sleep 300"

Concerning

Stefan

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