Confusion of subnets

Hello, everyone. I'm a little confused on subnetting. I learned to the subnet following Todd Lammle book, but now that I read Chris Bryant mathematics binary Mastering and Subnetting and looks like he has a different approach to the number of subnets. Lammle I learned that the formula is like this: 2 on N is the number of subnets, and 2 on N - 2 is the number of hosts valid (we subtract 2 because of the network and broadcast address). But Bryant teaches us that we must subtract 2 for number of subnets also.

Here is the example:

How many valid subnets is in 222.10.8.0/28?

After the result of the Todd Lammle guide should be 16 subnets (with 14 guests). By Bryant method result is 16-2 subnets, so it's 14 subnets, not 16.

A more:

How many valid subnets is in 210.17.90.0/29?

After the result of the Todd Lammle guide should be 32 subnets (with 6 guests). By method of Bryant, result is 32-2 subnets, so that's 30 subnets, not 32.

Now, I'm a little confused. If anyone can explain this, I would be very grateful.

Filip,

Outside the response of Vasanth, the practice of the subtraction of 2 of the number of available subnets comes age classes, addressing, routing and routing protocols.

Consider the network 192.168.1.0/24 into four subnets total model:

192.168.1.0/26
192.168.1.64/26
192.168.1.128/26
192.168.1.192/26

In classful routing protocols, networks were announced without their masks of network - network masks have guessed rather than announced. Now, obviously, there's a problem: If the network 192.168.1.0 is announced, what subnet mask should be used - the subnet of class 24 or 26? There was a risk of misunderstanding this address, and so it was decided to simply do not use the first whole subnet (also called subnet zeros).

In addition, suppose that a router receives a packet destined to 192.168.1.255, a broadcast address. Now, here's another uncertainty: this package is only for the hosts in the last 192.168.1.192/26 subnet, or it is intended for all hosts on the network 192.168.1.0/24 original and so in each of its subnets? Again, it is not clear, and so it was decided that for this reason, the last subnet will be also left unused (also called all-ones subnet).

This is why the number of available subnets has been initially decrements by two: the first and the last subnet were not used to avoid possible confusion (the first subnet vs address address of the original network; the subnet broadcast address last vs the original network broadcast address).

These days, who cares. We moved away from classes, addressing, routing and routing protocols. Our current routing properly protocols and networks netmasks advertising so it there is no risk of confusion, and remotely through a broadcast of a remote network address is considered a bad practice and is blocked by routers in any case.

That is why, today, we gladly use all possible subnets of a given network. The 2 ^ n - 2 formula for the number of available subnets is no longer valid (in fact, it was not valid for a number of years; classless routing came around 1993).

Best regards
Peter

Tags: Cisco Network

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