Question about user SYS and ROLES

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• user sys and locking system

  Hi all
  
  We have 10.2.0.4 on solaris 10.
  
  Currently we have I.T. audit on our environment, and the auditor commented to lock the user sys and system and use a single user with any name (not the name generic oracle) and grant him the privilege of sys and system and use this user for admin purposes. is this true?... is it recommended?
  
  Please notify

  Hello

  I think that this is not a good way to lock SYS.

  In addition, if you connect as administrator (root for Unix/linux) operating system on the server and use
  Authentication of the BONE and then, you can connect to SYS AS SYSDBA anyway.

  So, in fact, it is not possible to lock SYS even if you run the following:

  ALTER USER SYS ACCOUNT LOCK;
  

  If you want to prevent access on SYS, you must set a password long and complex and
  apply the same rule for the admin / root user OS.

  These passwords must be known very little and well - to identify the people and written nowhere
  (in files or scripts).

  Plus more, you should restrict DBA role to SYS and SYSTEM and remove this powerful role
  other Oracle users.

  Then, you can enable the CHECK in order to control the connection to the session database and,.
  create a LOGIN TRIGGER to verify the connection, the workstation, the program end-users
  that connect to the database.

  In 10g, DBConsole EM shows an alert whenever a user is logged on with SYS.

  Please find attached, an interesting paper written by Pete Finigan on this topic:

  http://www.insight.co.UK/files/presentations/hacking%20and%20securing%20Oracle.PDF

  Hope this helps.
  Best regards
  Jean Valentine

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  sidc7 wrote:

  1 initialization: in an ordinary PC, the boot process starts with the BIOS, to expansion ROM, back to the BIOS and MBR secondary boot record, then grub (is it) and finally the operating system. In a virtualized environment with VMM running directly on top of hardware (Native VMM), how is the different boot process, if I understand correctly to -> BIOS-> Expansion ROM BIOS-> MBR-> other documents-->--> OS--> requests VMM. Am I right on that?

  It is simplistic but essentially correct.  A metaphor would be a little better thinking that the hypervisor/vmm is an operating system, except that the process on this operating system are requests or comments OSes.  If the BIOS-> OPROM-> BIOS-> MBR-> hypervisor-> init process of the hypervisor-> reviews of fork () s operating systems.  This can become blurred by the design choices (for example Xen/Hyper-V init start a coded parent hard partition that makes hypercalls privileged to fork() guest OSes; ESXi init runs a very limited subset of applications directly on the hypervisor and ESX Classic is somewhere between these approaches).

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  sidc7 wrote:

  2 breaks: VMM examines the source interruptions prior to the interruption, so in a multicore environment, assuming a 2 processor core, how the VMM decides on the kernel for which the interruption in intended, prior to shipment of the interruption. Interruptions are tag ID, said core ID?

  Strictly speaking, the interruption is not transmitted to a guest operating system - receives the hypervisor (or rather the VMM it transmits to the hypervisor), the hypervisor drivers interpret the interruption (for example reading package of NIC, I/O process of HBA, the timer tick completion), then after a new appropriate break in the guest OS.

• Need your advice - the user name and roles

  We are the OEM deployment within our Organization.  There is a special requirement on business unit to have several names for the same person, with different roles.    Which means 'employee_1' will be 3 id for several roles such as employee_1_Administrator, employee_1_Operator, employee_1_Monitor!    Is - this recommended by Oracle? or it companies set up such a system? (I know it's technically feasible, but I'm confused as it is a best practice).

  Any suggestions or pointers are really appreciated.

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  No, it sounds like a recipe for chaos for me I recommend several ROLES by user.  But if you have several users, they will constantly be logged in and out based on what targets that they manage and which kind of defeated the purpose of having a "Enterprise Manager" tool in my opinion.

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• Locked user SYS and SYSTEM

  DB version: 11.2.0.2
  Operating system: Solaris 10
  
  In our production of DBs, I noticed that the SYS and SYSTEM users are locked

  $ sqlplus / as sysdba
  
  SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Thu Jan 19 14:21:34 2012
  
  Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
  
  
  Connected to:
  Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
  With the Partitioning option
  
  SQL> select username, account_status from dba_users where username like 'SYS%';
  
  USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS
  ------------------------------ --------------------------------
  SYSTEM                         LOCKED
  SYS                            LOCKED

  1. How can I connect to the SYS account despite the confinement. Is it because I have connected via external authentication?
  
  2. don't lock the user SYS standard practice? If so, why?

  1. How can I connect to the SYS account despite the confinement. Is it because I have connected via external authentication?

  you are the owner of the HOUSE of the ORACLE, you need to connect. Yes its because of external authentication.
  Of course you can not connect the user to the system. Have you tried?

  2. don't lock the user SYS standard practice? If so, why?

  Depends on the security, some cases, a user will be created with DBA roles.

• Questions about Failver customer and rapid failover

  have some questions about customer and quick Faiolver of Oracle Database HA failover. Before asking these questions, I want to explain my environment. Here are the details.
  
  
  
  -We have two physical locations called "ABC" and "PQR".
  -ABC is the main site.
  -PQR is the backup site.
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  -We have not yet set up a Data Guard Broker.
  
  We want to achieve under objectives:
  
  
  Objective 1:
  -------
  
  Whenever primary CARS down completely, standby database becomes a primary database AUTOMATICALLY and it should allow the read/write operation.
  I guess it's called 'Fast Failover'. Please let me know if I'm wrong.
  
  Issues related to the:
  
  -To do this, I need to set up Data Guard Broker so that this standy database becomes primary when CARS go down completely with a power outage, planned or not.
  -Let's say that CARS falls does completely, how long take Data Guard Broker do standby db as primary.
  -What the client application / which is already connected to the CARS.
  -Let's DB standby became as primary and after some time if RAC comes back, keep data automatically becomes the primary role of RAC?
  
  
  Objective 2:
  --------
  
  As I explained above, all products Oracle IDM and applications to speak to the RAC database, what do know only on the RAC database, which is the main. They are not aware of the pending database.
  
  -Whenever a client session is underway with the primary database of CARS if CARS completely falls down, we would like to wait until the client session should get transferred datbase standby without losing session information. However before that happens, standby database should become primary because the client session can perform write operations.
  
  -Whenever a client attempts to connect to the primary CARS and assumes that the cab is completely down, we would like to expect from any client connections should are transferred pending database.
  However before that happens, standby database should become primary because the client session can perform write operations.
  
  According to my knowledge, above scenarios are called "client failver." Please let me know if I'm wrong.
  
  
  
  Issues related to the:
  ----------
  
  1. Please throw some light to reach above features.
  2. According to my understanding, before customer failover happens, fast failover expected has already occurred and ensure should get the switch for the main role. I guess that all this happens thanks to timeout settings. What are those.
  
  
  Could you please help?
  
  Thank you

  I didn't say that clients cannot reconnect automatically when primary fails: I meant that client sessions can generally reconnect and also keep any session state.

  Yes, they can reconnect but only to keep the session state for a SELECT statement. It is also possible with Data Guard, not only in the CARS I wrote: here's a demo with 10 g
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  What is not possible is to maintain a session state: (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE) pending transactions must be cancelled.

  Edited by: P. Forstmann on Dec 8. 2011 20:30

• Expiry of the password for user SYS and SYSTEM

  My database 11g 2 on Redhat 5 has sys and system user password expired

  SQL> select username,account_status,EXPIRY_DATE
   from dba_users where username like 'SYS%';
    2
  USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   EXPIRY_DA
  ------------------------------ -------------------------------- ---------
  SYSMAN                         OPEN
  SYSTEM                         OPEN                             15-FEB-11
  SYS                            OPEN                             15-FEB-11

  But I can still connect the databsae with expired password t.
  
  Should I worry about the expiration of the password of the user these? For a normal user, I can not connect with expired password

  Dear user13148231,

  Here's an illustration;

  SQL> alter user sys account lock;
  
  User altered.
  SQL> select username, account_status, lock_date, expiry_date from dba_users where USERNAME='SYS';
  
  USERNAME                      ACCOUNT_STATUS                   LOCK_DATE EXPIRY_DA
  ------------------------------------------------------
  SYS                                      LOCKED                           20-AUG-10      23-FEB-09
  
  SQL> host sqlplus sys/password@opttest as sysdba
  
  SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Aug 20 12:25:43 2010
  
  Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
  
  Connected to:
  Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
  With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
  
  SQL> exit
  Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
  With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
  
  SQL> alter user sys identified by password password expire;
  
  User altered.
  
  SQL> select username, account_status, lock_date, expiry_date from dba_users where username='SYS';
  
  USERNAME                      ACCOUNT_STATUS                   LOCK_DATE EXPIRY_DA
  ------------------------------------------------------
  SYS                                EXPIRED & LOCKED                 20-AUG-10   20-AUG-10
  
  SQL> host sqlplus sys/password@opttest as sysdba
  
  SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Aug 20 12:27:02 2010
  
  Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
  
  Connected to:
  Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
  With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
  
  SQL> exit
  Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
  With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
  
  SQL> alter user sys identified by password account unlock;
  
  SQL> select username, account_status, lock_date, expiry_date from dba_users where username='SYS';
  
  USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   LOCK_DATE EXPIRY_DA
  ------------------------------ -------------------------------- --------- ---------
  SYS                            OPEN
  

  Even if the State expired and locked it's OK to connect to the database for the user SYS.

  SQL> alter user ogan identified by password account lock password expire;
  
  User altered.
  
  SQL> select username, account_status, lock_date, expiry_date from dba_users where username='OGAN';
  
  USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   LOCK_DATE EXPIRY_DA
  ------------------------------ -------------------------------- --------- ---------
  OGAN                           EXPIRED & LOCKED                 20-AUG-10 20-AUG-10
  
  SQL> conn ogan/password
  ERROR:
  ORA-28000: the account is locked
  
  Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
  SQL> conn / as sysdba
  Connected.
  SQL> alter user ogan account unlock;
  
  User altered.
  
  SQL> conn ogan/password@opttest
  ERROR:
  ORA-28001: the password has expired
  
  Changing password for ogan
  New password:
  Retype new password:
  Password changed
  Connected.
  SQL>
  

  Ogan

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  -----
  Blog: http://www.oracle-and-apex.com
  ApexLib: http://apexlib.oracleapex.info
  BuilderPlugin: http://builderplugin.oracleapex.info
  Work: http://www.click-click.at

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