Running Vista Home Premimum Service Pack 2. Why DEP now prevents Photoshop 7 launch when it still worked before? DEP to load the program exceptions does not work according to the instructions.

Similar Questions

• Windows Update does not work on Windows Vista Home Premium Service Pack 2

  I have a 32-bit Dell Inspiron 1525 laptop running Vista Home Premium Service Pack 2.  I also have Norton Internet Security, which expires on 27/02/2015.  I do not often use this laptop, but when I do I update and make sure that all is correct and up-to-date.  When I went to check my updates installed there not.  When I checked Windows Update update selection has been disabled.  I choose Check For Updates and a message came that it could not, because the service is not running.  I checked MSCONFIG and depending on whether the program was running.  There is no error code!  Then I ran the Microsoft Fix It program.  The main problem was not fixed, but have some unknown minor problems.  Computer laptop operating system has been pre-installed and never put.  Norton's anti-virus program used only on the computer!  Although I tried three times I couldn't send a troubleshooting report!  Before you run the difficulty this program I disabled the Smart of Norton Firewall and Antivirus so that there would be a problem!

  It was suggested to delete all folders and files in the folder C: / / windows/C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution.  I am wary to do this, while others said that it worked for them.  Since it is a Windows folder, I'm not sure that there is not a better way to go!  I appreciate your help!  Marlene

  Internet Explorer is version 9.0.6.

  Note: The computer must NOT be connected to the internet or local networks (i.e. other computers) for an extended period (i.e. more than a few minutes) in its current state. All your personal data (e.g., banking online & passwords credit card) must be considered at risk, if not already compromised.

  Applications, (Norton and McAfee) are notorious for not not upgrade (or uninstalling) itself. Chances are that the "remains" of Norton here is your troublemaker.

  Roll up your sleeves & cross your fingers...

  ACTIONS

  [You may want to print these instructions for reference offline. IMPORTANT => NO SKIP & perform all the steps in a 1 uninterrupted session!  [If a step said to restart, restart! ]

  1 right-click on the link, select SAVE TARGET as.... & download the Norton Removal Tool, save it to your desktop: ftp://ftp.symantec.com/public/english_us_canada/removal_tools/Norton_Removal_Tool.exe

  2. close all open applications (that is, anything with an icon on the taskbar).

  3. After completing some you have a copy of your handy product key, uninstall Norton Internet Security and LiveUpdate and all Norton Add ons via Start | Control Panel | Programs: Programs and features.

  4 IMPORTANT! -Online make sure that the Windows Firewall is activated immediately after the reboot!  [Should be automatic, but I want you to check again.]

  NB: Now you're "working without a net": do not to ANYTHING else online (e.g., navigation reading E-mail; cat) until you have finished step #7 below!

  5. right click on the file that you saved in #1 above and select run as administrator to run the utility, and then reboot again.

  6. do a clean install of Norton Internet Security v21.x (using your product ID, if need be) & reboot. CF. https://support.norton.com/sp/en/us/home/current/solutions/kb20090708112600EN_EndUserProfile_en_us?ct=us&entsrc=redirect_pubweb&lg=en&product=home&pvid=f-home&version=1

  NOTE: do NOT activate or install Norton modules or toolbars (for example, Norton Anti-Phishing) immediately.

  7. manually and repeatedly run LiveUpdate (Norton) until you get a "not more than updated" or similar prompt.

  8. right click on the following link and SAVE the download to your desktop: http://iefaq.info/attachments/133/ie8-rereg.zip [1]

  Note: Good for IE9, too.

  8B. do a right-click on the file downloaded in # 9 a above (that is, ie8 - rereg.zip) and EXTRACT its contents to the desktop. This will create a new folder on your desktop named ie8-rereg.

  8. close all open applications (that is, anything with an icon on the task bar), open the new folder created in # 9 b above, double-click on the file ie8 - rereg.cmd to run the script and restart.

  9. reset Internet Explorer settings according to the instructions on this page: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/923737

  Note => for best results, check the option Remove personal settings .

  10. open Internet Explorer (only!) to http://support.microsoft.com/kb/946414 [ignore the title & symptoms].

  10 b. ignorant of the "not recommended" or similar warnings, run difficulty he 50202 in DEFAULT modes and AGGRESSIVE. [2]

  11 restart test once more and then launching a manual check of updates & see if updates all security related offered (e.g., KB2925418, KB2929961, KB2930275, KB2916036, KB2893294, KB2892075, KB2901674, KB2893984, KB2887069) allows you to install now. Follow all the instructions.

  12. in response to this post with a status report.

  Good luck!

  Next step: making sure that Java, Flash & Adobe Reader are fully patched.

  ===============================================================
  [1] source: http://iefaq.info/index.php?action=artikel&cat=42&id=133&artlang=en

  [2] full Disclosure: the difficulty operating in AGGRESSIVE mode will remove your update history but not the list of installed updates.

• is Windows Vista Home Premium Service Pack 2 (build) 6002 a 32-bit program?

  Windows Vista Home Premium Service Pack 2 (build 6002) is a 32-bit or a 64-bit program?

  Hello

  It can be either 32-bit or 64-bit, depending on what you bought.

  Click Start > right click on computer > left click on properties > it will tell you it what version of 'bit' you.

  And Vista is not a program.

  It's an operating system to run programs on.

  See you soon.

• Try to install Windows Vista Home Premium Service Pack 1, but says I have already installed

  I have problems of fixing a friends computer.  He is currently running Windows Vista Home Premium Service Pack 1 with the OEM sticker on the bottom with the key, but he lost the installation discs.  To help make repairs, I have a valid Windows Vista repair disc and the Ultimate Boot CD on two different USBs.  The symptoms are:

  Three addons will install successfully, I restart, and they are uninstalled back again.  The installed updates window shows nothing.  I have the CBS.log newspaper and the CheckSUR.log if you do not want to see them.  There are a lot of mistakes in both of these balls

  If I download service pack 2 manually and try to install it, it says I need to install service pack 1 first.  If I download SP1 manually and try to install it, it says I already have service pack 1 installed.  If I try to install KB947821 it hangs the first time 75% and crashes to zero then.

  The machine has problems with the .net Framework.  I noticed that programs seem to corrupt and the only way to fix it is to clean the .net Framework and reinstall it.

  The computer has recently been scanned with a full scan of Norton and no errors found.  There is no antivirus or active windows security options because I was trying to get the updates to install.  I'm in safe mode with network currently.

  Things I've done:

  I read a lot about this problem with a recovery partition.  My recovery partition was the flag of boot top, so I spent my drive main and then booted from the disk to repair Windows Vists the flag and ran the Startup Repair.  He set up the main drive of OS as the boot partition, but that does not solve the problem.

  In order to exclude any form of corruption of MBR, I wiped the MBR and ran the /fixmbr tool to restore the MBR.  This does not seem to help anything either.

  There is a tool to repair WIndows Update, called a "Microsoft Fix it." I ran this in normal and aggressive modes without change.

  Please let me know what information you want.  I tried it for awhile and I don't think I'll get it without help.

  Hi Jeremiah,.

  Based on the information provided (especially errors in the CBS logs), there seems to be several packages in Windows that are damaged or corrupted. They could become this way through several scenerios (3rd party program interaction causing files to be moved or deleted, antivirus software can make a mistake of components to update valid as malicious, or even malware infection). Currently, there are a few options.

  You could try manually repair all the packages that are in your CheckSUR report and then try to run the updates again.

  Perform a upgrade in Place to attempt to repair the components.

  Perform a clean installation to repair all the features of the operating system.

  All these choices are not the largest road to go down, unfortunately at this stage with the damage caused to your system, these are the few options left to fix.

• Windows Vista Home Premium Service Pack 2 upgrade of the Atheros AR5007EG wireless network adapter

  I just bought a new device Sierra Wireless mobile hotspot, the Pro of the Sprint Overdrive.  The wifi connection works very well in my PC with the exception of a PC set that I am running Windows Vista Home Premium Service Pack two.  I am told that the problem is with Vista and the Atheros AR5007EG wireless network adapter.  The current version is 7.6.0.164 and it tells me the device Overdrive only with version 9.1.0.328 or higher will.  What I can, and if I can, how to move the driver to the required version?

  Hello

  You can try to update the latest drivers for the network adapter and check if it helps:

  http://Windows.Microsoft.com/en-us/Windows-Vista/update-a-driver-for-hardware-that-isn ' t-work correctly

  It will be useful.

• Windows vista home basic service pack1 and windows vista Home premium service Pack 2

  I WANT TO UPDATE WINDOWS VISTA HOME BASIC, WINDOWS VISTA HOME PREMIUM TO MY NEW LAPTOP TO MY OLD LAPTOP.  Can I update my laptop which has windows vista home basic service pack1 installed using my laptop which has windows vista Home premium service pack 2 by using a transfer program for example windows easy transfer? HOW CAN I DO THIS?

  Hi ronnieVron,

  Your copy of Windows is only allowed for 'a machine If you want to put Vista Edition home premium on your 'old laptop"you can buy a new copy of Vista premium. Another point is that copies of Windows was probably preinstalled on your laptop, which means that, putting license on one side, your copy is related to each specific laptop and so, because the copy is related to the material on each laptop, you would have problems on other transfer machine. Anyway you could invalidate your Windows license.

  This forum post is my own opinion and does not necessarily reflect the opinion or the opinion of Microsoft, its employees or other MVPS.

  John Barnett MVP: Windows XP Expert associated with: Windows Desktop Experience: www.winuser.co.uk | vistasupport.mvps.org | xphelpandsupport.mvps.org | www.silversurfer-Guide.com

• Bluetooth doesn't work does not correctly after the installation of Windows Vista Home Premium Service Pack 2 (SP2) on Dell laptop

  I searched this forum and almost all resources on the net for days now nothing works.  Give the message to a thread more appropriate that I couldn't find one that is truly representative and am a newb at this.

  Summary of the problem: Bluetooth connectivity does not work properly after the window Vista Home Premium Service Pack 1 and 2 installation (SP 1 and 2).

  My system:

  Laptop Dell Inspiron E1705, 32-bit Winows Vista Home Premium SP2, Dell Wireless Bluetooth 355 Module + EDR 2.0

  * My system was purchased in 2006 with Windows XP, but was not entitled to a free Windows Vista Home Premium Upgrade I did. I installed Windows Service Pack 1 and 2 about a week ago.

  Problem: After downloading and installing the Windows Vista Home Premium Service Pack 1 and 2 (SP 1 and 2), my system does not recognize my Bluetooth (a touch of Sprint also) device known as the HTC Vogue.  I stress that I have not had any problems with this device before downloads.  I can't revert to the pre - SP State 1 and 2 because my system restore does not have these points more.

  I have read several posts on various sites about people having similar problems with Bluetooth connectivity after the Vista SP 1 and 2 facilities.  The problem is obviously the need for an updated driver.  I went to the site to download driver Dell and the Blueooth only updates available are the following. (Note: these drivers all date from 2006 and 2007).

  http://support.dell.com/support/downloads/driverslist.aspx?c=us&cs=RC956904&l=en&s=pub&SystemID=INS_PNT_P4_9400&os=WLH&osl=en&servicetag=&catid=-1&impid=-1&deviceid=12084&libid=5&typeid=-1&dateid=-1&formatid=-1&source=-1&releaseid=R159805&formatcnt=1&vercnt=1

  I had these installed before the SP 1 and 2 have been installed and they worked very well. After the upgrade, these drivers do not work.  They won't recognise BT devices.  I tried to upgrade the drivers by using update Broadcom suggested below it, but an error of following installation to contact Dell.

  http://www.Broadcom.com/support/Bluetooth/update.php

  I contacted Dell via e-mail and on the phone, but they want to charge me $60 for a one time service call just to talk about the problem because my warranty has expired. Provide updated drivers is not a problem of security in my opinion.  Even after explaining the situation, their continuous support to just send me the link to download Driver Dell above with out-of-date drivers.  I guess that's what they are charged to do, they do not have to admit a problem of compatibility.  This obviously the same link they would charge $60 to send.  I explained that I need just a Bluetooth Driver from Dell to at least version 6.3.   Needless to say, I will never buy another Dell product.

  On my end, I tried to uninstall my current drivers and then by installing a newer driver to support Gateway (Version 6.2.1.500 for and Acer).  This allows me to install some parts of this update and the update Broadcom. However, it is not a perfect installation and expires after about 90% saying "this update is not for this system" because it is the gateway not Dell to be provided.  Displays the version of the driver on my computer is Version 6.3.5.430 after doing this, but it is not a complete installation and some features are not available.

  Does anyone have experience with this issue? I would like to have a link with some bluetooth drivers generic Version 6.3 type which will allow me to use the Broadcom link to upgrade to the last version that works with Vista SP 1 and 2.

  Thank you for your help.

  Support FREE from Microsoft for SP2:

  https://support.Microsoft.com/OAS/default.aspx?PRID=13014&Gprid=582034&St=1

  Free unlimited installation and compatibility support is available for Windows Vista, but only for Service Pack 2 (SP2). This support for SP2 is valid until August 30, 2010.

  Microsoft free support for Vista SP2 at the link above.

  See you soon.

  Mick Murphy - Microsoft partner

• Impossible to go from Vista Home Premium service pack 2 to Ultimate service pack 1 Option is disabled

  Hello

  I am running Vista Home Premium with service pack 2.  My upgrade is holiday with service pack 1.  What should I do to upgrade. I do not of course want to do a clean install.  Thank you

  Read this about uninstalling SP2:

  If Service Packs came pre-installed on the operating system, there is no way to uninstall them.
  You will need to swap the disk to upgrade to a later version that includes the missing Service Pack.

  On your installed operating system Service Pack level cannot be greater than what is on the disk to upgrade.

  Click Start > right click on computer > properties > system > it will tell you which SP you have installed.

  http://support.Microsoft.com/kb/948537

  "How to uninstall Windows Vista service packs"

  If the OS installed Service Pack 2 and Service Pack 1 upgrade disk > uninstall SP2 installed operating system > install the upgrade > reinstall SP2.

  And run the upgrade of a Vista operating system.

  And 32-bit to 64-bit and 64-bit to 32-bit is a clean install, not an upgrade, if you have different versions of ILO.

  See you soon.

  Mick Murphy - Microsoft partner

• Vista home premium service pack 1 updates several times offered

  original title: need help with service pack for vista family premium 1 update, it seems to be but always returns to the update thing to install it.

  I have windows vista Home premium and I tried to install SP1 several times.  Finally made the cat for help and now I did everything they said to do.  BUT I always get the message to install SP1.  I have install and don't get no error message and infact a message saying installed successfully, but it is still in the list of things to install.  What is going on?  Thank you very much.

  Note: Your computer must NOT be connected to the internet or local area network (i.e. other computers) in its current state. All your personal data (e.g., banking online & passwords credit card) must be considered at risk, if not already compromised.

  =======================

  Support for Vista Gold (no Service Pack) ended more than one year (that is, April 13, 2010) and support for Vista Service Pack 1 (SP1) will end 4 weeks from today (i.e., Tuesday, July 12, 2011).

  If you have not SP1 is installed now, chances are you will never install it unless & until you doing a clean install of Windows.

  So to see the poster in this thread and follow the instructions of (my) WHOLE (to the letter and in order! ) to restore your computer to a State safe & functional: http://answers.microsoft.com/thread/c44429fb-3f7c-4646-8529-5a97bb3cd0eb

  If these procedures look too complex - and there is no shame in admitting this isn't your cup of tea - take the computer to a local, reputable and a stand-alone computer (that is, no BigBoxStoreUSA or Geek Squad) repair facility.

  Wish I had better news for you. Good luck!

• VMware on windows vista home basic service pack 1

  Hello

  Recently I bought HP PAVILION dv5-1002au laptop. Preinstalled operating system is home basic service pack 1 of windows vista.

  Now, I want to install Windows 2003 server enterprise edition. But my laptop does not support any other operating system. Also the drivers don't are not available on the net.i have heard of VMWARE WORKSTATION.

  Is it possible to install Windows 2003 server using VMWARE WORKSTATION. What audio, video, lan, wan drivers. are they working on VMWARE.

  How effective is this tool.

  Well want to help because I'm stuck a lot due to the upward compatibility of any other os on my laptop.

  You can send me to

  [email protected]

  Welcome to the forums!

  PFulwade wrote:

  Now, I want to install Windows 2003 server enterprise edition. But my laptop does not support any other operating system. Also the drivers don't are not available on the net.i have heard of VMWARE WORKSTATION.

  Is it possible to install Windows 2003 server using VMWARE WORKSTATION. What audio, video, lan, wan drivers. are they working on VMWARE.

  Yes, it's possible and not only W2K3. You can also use any other operating systems such as W2K, XP, Linux...

  There is also a free version: VMware Server 2.x.

  In the virtual machine, you will find a material unified, which means you can push the guest around various VMware products.

  You have USB, audio series, parallel, LAN available. If you need to connect via the wireless or aome other type of network that you can achieve as long as this communication device has a TCP/IP stack.

  What do you mean by video? A graphics card or some sort of card TV etc. ? Of course, you have a virtual video card.

  See this link for virtual material available under VMware Workstation (click on the ">" at the top): http://pubs.vmware.com/ws65_ace25/ws_user/intro_vmspec_ws.html

  See this link for virtual material available under VMware Server (Page 28): http://www.vmware.com/pdf/vmserver2.pdf

  How effective is this tool.

  It depends on what you want to do in my humble OPINION. It is not effective if you want to play high-end, latest games to edge. But for all other purposes as

  -have more than one type of operating system for reasons any

  -Development

  -Creation of network for the test scenarios, learning

  -Distribution application

  - and all cases where you need more of a BONE

  I don't want to miss any more (how I worked between 1992 and 2001? I do not remember, must have been a bad time)

  If you found this information useful, please consider awarding points to 'Correct' or 'Useful' responses Thank you!!

  AWo

  VCP / vEXPERT 2009

• Can not install the important updates for Microsoft Office ona HP laptop running Windows Vista Home Premium Service Pack 2

  Hello I am running Windows Vista Home on my laptop.  I have windows update set to download and install updates as they come.  I can't get my computer to update update of security for Microsoft Office Excel 2007 (KB973593)
  Update of security for Microsoft Office 2007 System (KB973704)
  or
  Update for Microsoft Office Word 2007 (KB974561)

  I get the error code 646.  I tried to install all three at once, one at a time and let the computer do as I turn it off.  None of them have worked.  Any help would be wonderful.  Thank you for your time.

  AnyaAlex

  You may have missed this "sticky" post: http://social.answers.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/vistawu/thread/6e716883-7af4-4a9f-8665-2f4dd57eee8d ~ Robear Dyer (PA Bear) ~ MS MVP (that is to say, mail, security, Windows & Update Services) since 2002 ~ WARNING: MS MVPs represent or work for Microsoft

• problem installing vista Home premium service pack 2

  I recently had a hardware crash, had to reinstall the operating system, i.e. Windows vista Home premium with service pack 1 (32-bit) who came wth the system. Later, I tried to update the operating system, but the thrown error was 'WindowsUpdate_80080005 '. I tried to download vista sp2 on microsoft site, and when I tried to install it, it threw an error mentioning as casastrophic error E_unexpected(0*8000ffff). How can I update my windows vista Home premium with Service Pack 2?

  I tried the options listed below
  • tried to update via windows update, it threw an error "WindowsUpdate_80080005."
  • tried to install it by downloading the sp2, it threw an error E_unexpected(0*8000ffff)

  Please answer

  BR
  David

  Hi, DavidDarse,

  0 x 80080005 indicates that there is a problem of access denied with the Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) security descriptors.

  1. don't you make changes on the computer before the show?
  2. When you receive this error message?
  3 update you trying to do?

  Method 1: Run that fix the following:

  The problem with Microsoft Windows Update is not working
  http://support.Microsoft.com/mats/windows_update/

  Method 2:
  If the problem persists, then try to set up your computer in a clean boot state and then try to install the update to windows.
  How to troubleshoot a problem by performing a clean boot in Windows Vista or in Windows 7
  http://support.Microsoft.com/kb/929135
  Note: After the adventures of shooting set the computer to start as usual by performing step 7 above of the Knowledge Base article.

  Download the file and save it to your desktop

  Close all windows and applications

  Right-click on the file and select run as administrator to run the installation process.

  Cannot install updates in Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2
  http://support.Microsoft.com/kb/2509997
  Note: This section, method, or task contains steps that tell you how to modify the registry. However, serious problems can occur if you modify the registry incorrectly. Therefore, make sure that you proceed with caution. For added protection, back up the registry before you edit it. Then you can restore the registry if a problem occurs. For more information about how to back up and restore the registry, click on the number below to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base. How to back up and restore the registry in Windows:
  http://Windows.Microsoft.com/en-us/Windows7/back-up-the-registry

  WARNING: Microsoft does not recommend interrupting the CHKDSK process. Microsoft does not guarantee the integrity of the disk if the CHKDSK program is interrupted. For security, you can back up your data before using check disk drive.

  Have you tried a system restore before the second error?

  http://support.Microsoft.com/kb/2732500

  FixIt MS: 0x80000FFFF error Code when you download updates on a computer running Windows Vista by using Windows Update or Microsoft Update

  http://support.Microsoft.com/kb/946414

• upgrade from windows Vista Home Basic service Pack 1 to service pack 2 activation error

  I have the family windows Vista Edition upgrade basic service Pack 1 to service pack 2 and an activation error

  on a compaq presario c700 notebook laptop occurred

  now the system will not recognize the product key

  CAN SOMEONE HELP ME

  I waited on the phone for 1 hour and 20 minutes to take this long for a response

  WHT you can do is to roll back to SP1

  or run HP recovery (reset) use this tool to get the Vista product key & then try SP2

• Where can I find the download of Windows Vista Home Premium Service Pack 1?

  I did a full restore in Win Vista Home Premium from recovery disks.  When you set the computer, I enabled Windows Update before remembered me that I had to also download Vista Service Pack 1 and Service Pack 2.  Windows Update had already downloaded and installed 100 updates before I remembered.

  Now, I can't find a download site for Vista Service Pack 1 and 2 on the Windows site.  Every link I click on that is inactive.

  Can someone tell me where to go for Vista SP1 and SP2 downloads now that Vista is no longer supported?

  Any other ideas?

  Should I still SP1 and SP2?  This computer will serve as my husband for basic e-mail, IE8 and preparation of simple Word documents.  He'll have Norton 360 installed.

  Thank you very much in advance for any suggestions or advice.  Rookie mistake - I knew that Vista is no longer supported, but I never imagined that I could not download as basic as the SP1 and SP2 to Windows.  I hope that I simply found the location of the 'magic' yet.

  I did a full restore in Win Vista Home Premium from recovery disks.  When you set the computer, I enabled Windows Update before remembered me that I had to also download Vista Service Pack 1 and Service Pack 2.  Windows Update had already downloaded and installed 100 updates before I remembered.

  Now, I can't find a download site for Vista Service Pack 1 and 2 on the Windows site.  Every link I click on that is inactive.

  Can someone tell me where to go for Vista SP1 and SP2 downloads now that Vista is no longer supported?

  Any other ideas?

  Should I still SP1 and SP2?  This computer will serve as my husband for basic e-mail, IE8 and preparation of simple Word documents.  He'll have Norton 360 installed.

  Thank you very much in advance for any suggestions or advice.  Rookie mistake - I knew that Vista is no longer supported, but I never imagined that I could not download as basic as the SP1 and SP2 to Windows.  I hope that I simply found the location of the 'magic' yet.

  Please, please install all service packs.  Ignore all, messages of "DO NOT click DOWNLOAD if YOU ARE UPDATING a SINGLE computer" read you.  It works very well.

  • 32-bit Windows Vista SP1
  • 32-bit Windows Vista SP2
  • 64-bit Windows Vista SP1
  • 64-bit Windows Vista SP2

  Also - please please install something other than Norton 360 AV.

• Vista Home Edition, Service Pack One fails to install for ever and ever

  This microsoftproblem really sucks. Is the information provided.

  Learn how to install Windows Vista Service Pack 1 (SP1)
  http://windowshelp.Microsoft.com/Windows/en-us/help/133c8953-c9cd-4FA5-8883-03e91bb6f2021033.mspx

  How to troubleshoot Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 service pack installation issues
  http://support.Microsoft.com/kb/947366

  How to obtain the release notes for Windows Vista Service Pack 1
  http://support.Microsoft.com/kb/936330

  Windows Vista Service Pack 1 is not available for installation from Windows Update and is not offered by automatic updates:
  http://support.Microsoft.com/kb/948343

  TaurArian [MVP] 07/01/2005-30/06/2011. The information has been provided * being * with no guarantee or warranty. What works for some, may not always work for others.