Select a Select question

Hello world

As you know I am fairly new to Oracle and SQL. I just have a question.
Does that mean when I have a question like that.

Select *.
(Select BLA bla
The blah blah
where blah blah
) qry_tab

What I want to know is when and why would I do that? And what it does here? Thank you very much.

Hello

Z KHAN wrote:
Thanks frank. May I ask when and why would I want to use this approach well?

A common reason is that there is something that you can calculate from the existing data, and you want to treat that calculated the value as if it were a column.

An example of use of the table scott.emp. That you intend to give a 5% increase for employees in management positions (i.e., employees who have jobs 'MANAGER' or 'PRÉSIDENT'), and increase by 10% to employees in positions of work (i.e., all other jobs). Let's say, moreover, that for the 30 Department, we want only show management employees, and that the job class is required for sorting. In other words, we want these results:

ENAME          DEPTNO        SAL JOB       JOB_CLASS     NEW_SAL
---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
MILLER             10       1300 CLERK     Labor            1430
SMITH              20        800 CLERK     Labor             880
SCOTT              20       3000 ANALYST   Labor            3300
FORD               20       3000 ANALYST   Labor            3300
ADAMS              20       1100 CLERK     Labor            1210
KING               10       5000 PRESIDENT Management       5250
CLARK              10       2450 MANAGER   Management     2572.5
JONES              20       2975 MANAGER   Management    3123.75
BLAKE              30       2850 MANAGER   Management     2992.5

Here's a way to do it:

SELECT       ename, deptno, sal, job
,       job_class                    -- (1)
,       CASE
           WHEN  job_class = 'Management'     -- (2)
           THEN  1.05
           ELSE  1.10
       END * sal          AS new_sal
FROM       (                       -- Begin in-line view got_job_class
           SELECT  ename, deptno, sal, job
           ,           CASE
                          WHEN  job IN ('MANAGER', 'PRESIDENT')
                 THEN  'Management'
                 ELSE     'Labor'
                      END      AS job_class
           FROM    scott.emp
       ) got_job_class          -- End in-line view got_job_class
WHERE       deptno           != 30
OR       job_class          = 'Management'     -- (3)
ORDER BY  job_class                      -- (4)
,            deptno
;

Note that job_class is used in 4 places in the main query:
(1) in the SELECT clause
(2) in the calculation of new_sal, also in the SELECT clause
(3) in the WHERE clause
(4) in the ORDER BY clause
Without a subquery, how would you do that? Well, you can use the CASE expression that defines job_class 4 everywhere. You need to be very careful that you cut and paste exactly right. It will be ineffective because Oracle may have to do the same calculation again and again. If, next month, the business rules change (say, "Management" includes now another job), then you will need to make exact change even at 4 locations in the code. Who can be a maintenance nightmare.
It's a game much more convenient and potentially more effective, to treat the Tahina-query result as if it were a table named got_job_class in this example. With a subquery, you can set job_class once, then use the query 4, or 44 times by hand.
(Acutally, you can use aliases for columns in the ORDER BY clause, but that does not change my point).

Sometimes, repeating a calculation is not even an option. For example, if the calculation involves an analytical function and you want to use in a WHERE clause, or you want to nest analytic functions. These are things that you must do in a separate query. You can define a view, but is not very practical, and it leads to a cluttered data dictionary.

Tags: Database

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Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                    | Name            | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |                 |   500 |   171K|  2425   (1)| 00:00:30 |
|*  1 |  COUNT STOPKEY               |                 |       |       |            |          |
|*  2 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| CRM_ENVIOS      |   500 |   171K|  2425   (1)| 00:00:30 |
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter(ROWNUM<=500)
   2 - filter(TO_NUMBER("THIS_"."MEDIO")=3482 AND "THIS_"."FECHA_ENVIO"<='02/04/10
              00:00:00')
   3 - access("THIS_"."ESTADO"='Enviado')


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          1  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
     138277  consistent gets
      45240  physical reads
          0  redo size
       2629  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        488  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          0  rows processed
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    --

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