Subnet VPN IPSec problem
Hello
I am configuring site to site connection using the pre-shared key VPN. The VPN connection is getting up and running, but I'm having problems on information routing between subnets.
Our subnet is 192.168.1.0 and we cannot use that subnet for VPN. Because of this, we use 10.240.86.33 for are created the IPSec traffic and destination network (PC) is on 164.2.107.56.
We cannot connect to the 164.2.107.56 computer network, can someone help us acomplishing this \windows\system32\conifg\system?
Our configuration is below:
interface FastEthernet0/0
Description $FW_OUTSIDE$
IP 200.111.XXX.XXX 255.255.255.248
no ip redirection
no ip unreachable
no ip proxy-arp
NBAR IP protocol discovery
NAT outside IP
IP virtual-reassembly
route IP cache flow
automatic duplex
automatic speed
No mop enabled
map SDM_CMAP_1 crypto
service-policy output SDM-QoS-policy-1
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
Description $ES_LAN$ $FW_INSIDE$
IP 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no ip redirection
no ip unreachable
no ip proxy-arp
IP nat inside
IP virtual-reassembly
route IP cache flow
automatic duplex
automatic speed
No mop enabled
!
Router eigrp 1
10.0.0.0 network
network 192.168.1.0
No Auto-resume
!
IP forward-Protocol ND
IP route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.111.XXX.XXX 2
!
!
IP http server
no ip http secure server
IP nat pool INTERNET 200.111.XXX.XXX 200.111.XXX.XXX netmask 255.255.255.248
overload INTERNET IP nat inside source map route SHEEP pool
IP nat inside source static 192.168.1.0 network 164.2.107.0/24
IP nat inside source 192.168.1.104 static 200.111.XXX.XXX
IP NAT outside source static network 10.240.86.0 192.168.1.0/24
!
recording of debug trap
access-list 10 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 15 allow 200.6.103.241
access-list 15 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
Access-list 100 = 4 SDM_ACL category note
Note access-list 100 IPSec rule
access-list 100 permit ip 10.240.86.0 0.0.0.255 164.2.107.56 0.0.0.1
not run cdp
!
!
SHEEP allowed 10 route map
corresponds to the IP 10
!
allowed SDM_RMAP_1 1 route map
corresponds to the IP 150
!
!
!
Hello
It is the router that ends the VPN tunnel? (I don't see the VPN configuration).
Since you can't use your real address LAN, you need to NAT before you send the traffic through the tunnel.
First, you apply the NAT rule to translate 192.168.1.0/24 to 10.240.86.33 when you go to 164.2.107.56
NAT 192.168.1.0 ip access list allow 0.0.0.255 host 164.2.107.56
NAT route map
corresponds to the IP NAT
IP pool local VPNPool 10.240.86.33 10.240.86.33
IP nat inside source overload map route NAT pool VPNPool
Next, you create the ACL list for interesting traffic to address coordinated at the address of the site to another
VPN ip host 10.240.86.33 access list permit 164.2.107.56
We will see the results.
Federico.
Tags: Cisco Security
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First of all, I apologize if this is something that I can google. My knowledge of the administration of the network is all self-taught, so if there is a guide that I missed please point me in the right direction, it is often difficult to Google the terms for troubleshooting when your jargon is not the height.
The main problem is that when ping devices internal when you are connected to the results are very inconsistent.
Ping 192.168.15.102 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.15.102: bytes = 32 time = 112ms TTL = 128
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
We have implemented an IPSec VPN connection to a remote Cisco ASA 5505. There is no connection problems, connection seems constant, etc. good packages. At this stage, I can only assume I have configuration problems, but I was watching this while if long and pair with my inexperience configuration of these settings I have no idea where to start. My first impressions are that LAN devices I'm ping do not send their response back or the ASA does not know how to route packets back?
Here is a dump of the configuration:
Output of the command: "show config".
: Saved
: Written by enable_15 to the 12:40:06.114 CDT MON Sep 9 2013
!
ASA Version 8.2 (5)
!
hostname VPN_Test
activate the encrypted password of D37rIydCZ/bnf1uj
2KFQnbNIdI.2KYOU encrypted passwd
names of
192.168.15.0 - internal network name
DDNS update method DDNS_Update
DDNS both
maximum interval 0 4 0 0
!
!
interface Ethernet0/0
switchport access vlan 2
!
interface Ethernet0/1
!
interface Ethernet0/2
!
interface Ethernet0/3
!
interface Ethernet0/4
!
interface Ethernet0/5
!
interface Ethernet0/6
!
interface Ethernet0/7
!
interface Vlan1
Description VLAN internal guests
nameif inside
security-level 100
DDNS update hostname 0.0.0.0
DDNS update DDNS_Update
DHCP client updated dns server time
192.168.15.1 IP address 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan2
Description of VLAN external to the internet
nameif outside
security-level 0
address IP xx.xx.xx.xx 255.255.255.248
!
passive FTP mode
clock timezone CST - 6
clock to summer time recurring CDT
DNS server-group DefaultDNS
Server name 216.221.96.37
Name-Server 8.8.8.8
permit same-security-traffic inter-interface
permit same-security-traffic intra-interface
DM_INLINE_TCP_1 tcp service object-group
port-object eq www
EQ object of the https port
outside_access_in list extended access permit icmp any one
outside_access_in list extended access deny interface icmp outside interface inside
access extensive list ip 192.168.15.192 outside_access_in allow 255.255.255.192 all
Remote_splitTunnelAcl list standard allowed internal-network access 255.255.255.0
inside_nat0_outbound list extended access allowed internal-network ip, 255.255.255.0 192.168.15.192 255.255.255.192
Note to inside_access_in to access list blocking Internet traffic
access extensive list ip 192.168.15.192 inside_access_in allow 255.255.255.192 all
Note to inside_access_in to access list blocking Internet traffic
inside_access_in extended access list allow interface ip inside the interface inside
inside_access_in list of allowed ip extended access all 192.168.15.192 255.255.255.192
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access extensive list ip 192.168.15.192 inside_nat0_outbound_1 allow 255.255.255.192 all
pager lines 24
Enable logging
asdm of logging of information
Within 1500 MTU
Outside 1500 MTU
mask 192.168.15.200 - 192.168.15.250 255.255.255.0 IP local pool VPN_IP_Pool
inside_access_ipv6_in list of access allowed IPv6 interface ip inside the interface inside
ICMP unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1
ICMP allow any inside
ICMP allow any response of echo outdoors
ICMP allow all outside
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ARP timeout 14400
NAT-control
Global 1 interface (outside)
NAT (inside) 0-list of access inside_nat0_outbound
NAT (inside) 0 inside_nat0_outbound_1 list of outdoor access
NAT (inside) 1 192.168.15.192 255.255.255.192
NAT (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
inside_access_in access to the interface inside group
inside_access_ipv6_in access to the interface inside group
Access-group outside_access_in in interface outside
Route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 xx.xx.xx.xx 1
Timeout xlate 03:00
Timeout conn 01:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02
Sunrpc timeout 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 mgcp from 01:00 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00
Sip timeout 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 prompt Protocol sip-0: 03:00 sip - disconnect 0:02:00
Timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute
timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00
Floating conn timeout 0:00:00
dynamic-access-policy-registration DfltAccessPolicy
Enable http server
http 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside
255.255.255.0 inside internal network http
http yy.yy.yy.yy 255.255.255.255 outside
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No snmp Server contact
Server enable SNMP traps snmp authentication linkup, linkdown cold start
Sysopt connection timewait
Crypto ipsec transform-set esp-SHA-ESP-3DES-3des esp-sha-hmac
Crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-MD5 esp-aes-256 esp-md5-hmac
Crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-SHA esp - esp-sha-hmac
Crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-MD5 esp - esp-md5-hmac
Crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-192-MD5 esp-aes-192 esp-md5-hmac
Crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-MD5-esp-3des esp-md5-hmac
Crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA 256 - aes - esp esp-sha-hmac
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life crypto ipsec security association seconds 28800
Crypto ipsec kilobytes of life - safety 4608000 association
crypto dynamic-map SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP 65535 pfs Group1 set
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outside_map card crypto 65535-isakmp dynamic ipsec SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP
outside_map interface card crypto outside
crypto ISAKMP allow outside
crypto ISAKMP policy 10
preshared authentication
3des encryption
sha hash
Group 2
life 86400
Telnet timeout 5
SSH timeout 5
Console timeout 0
management-access inside
dhcpd outside auto_config
!
dhcpd address 192.168.15.200 - 192.168.15.250 inside
dhcpd allow inside
!
a basic threat threat detection
Statistics-list of access threat detection
a statistical threat detection tcp-interception rate-interval 30 burst-400-rate average rate 200
NTP server 192.168.15.101 source inside
prefer NTP server 192.168.15.100 source inside
WebVPN
internal remote group strategy
Group remote attributes policy
Protocol-tunnel-VPN IPSec
Split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified
value of Split-tunnel-network-list Remote_splitTunnelAcl
username StockUser encrypted password privilege 0 t6a0Nv8HUfWtUdKz
username StockUser attributes
Strategy-Group-VPN remote
tunnel-group type remote access remotely
tunnel-group remote General attributes
address pool VPN_IP_Pool
Group Policy - by default-remote control
tunnel-group remote ipsec-attributes
pre-shared-key *.
!
class-map inspection_default
match default-inspection-traffic
!
!
type of policy-card inspect dns preset_dns_map
parameters
maximum message length automatic of customer
message-length maximum 512
Policy-map global_policy
class inspection_default
inspect the preset_dns_map dns
inspect the ftp
inspect h323 h225
inspect the h323 ras
inspect the rsh
inspect the rtsp
inspect esmtp
inspect sqlnet
inspect the skinny
inspect sunrpc
inspect xdmcp
inspect the sip
inspect the netbios
inspect the tftp
Review the ip options
inspect the icmp
!
global service-policy global_policy
context of prompt hostname
no remote anonymous reporting call
Cryptochecksum:f4271785b86e45dd3a17bab8f60cd2f3
Hi Graham,
My first question is do you have a site to site VPN and VPN remote access client.
After checking your configuration, I see you don't have any Site to SIte VPN configuration, so I'm assuming you ara facing issue with the VPN client.
And if I understand you are able to connect VPN client, but you not able to access internal resources properly.
I recommend tey and make the following changes.
First remove the following configuration:
NAT (inside) 0 inside_nat0_outbound_1 list of outdoor access
NAT (inside) 1 192.168.15.192 255.255.255.192
You don't need the 1st one and I do not understand the reason for the second
Second, one is your pool IP subnet (192.168.15.200 - 192.168.15.250) and I don't know why you added this NAT.
If possible change your subnet pool all together because we do not recommend to use th ip POOL that is similar to your local network.
Try the changes described above and let me know in case if you have any problem.
Thank you
Jeet Kumar
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Hi all
I have 3 sites, the main site has a cisco firewall mikrotik router.
There is a vpn ipsec existing between the cisco router and another router cisco on the site of the 2nd and it works well.
Now, I've added an another vpn between a 3rd site and main site. The router on the 3rd site is a mikrotik firewall.
I had the vpn on the main site and the 3rd site where the mikrotik firewall is and it worked well.
then for some reason, the vpn with the 3rd site has failed and I could not get it working again.
When looking for answers, I see that the vpn for the 3rd site States the following:
#pkts program: 46, #pkts encrypt: 46, #pkts digest: 46
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new node-1868419487
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Any help would be appreciated.
* 02:49:51.911 Jul 22: ISAKMP: (2060): purge the node-1140469772
* 02:49:59.723 Jul 22: ISAKMP: DPD received message KMI.
* 02:49:59.723 Jul 22: ISAKMP: node set 1053074288 to QM_IDLE
* 02:49:59.723 Jul 22: ISAKMP: (2060): Protocol for sending INFORMER DPD/R_U_THERE 1
SPI 2273844328, message ID = 1053074288
* 02:49:59.723 Jul 22: ISAKMP: (2060): seq. no 0x645EC368
* 02:49:59.723 Jul 22: ISAKMP: (2060): my_port of x.x.x.127 package sending 5
peer_port 00 500 (R) QM_IDLE
* 02:49:59.723 Jul 22: ISAKMP: (2060): sending a packet IPv4 IKE.
* 02:49:59.723 Jul 22: ISAKMP: (2060): purge the node 1053074288
* 02:49:59.767 Jul 22: ISAKMP (2060): packet received dport x.x.x.127
500 sport Global 500 (R) QM_IDLE
* 02:49:59.767 Jul 22: ISAKMP: node set-1868419487 to QM_IDLE
* 02:49:59.771 Jul 22: ISAKMP: (2060): HASH payload processing. Message ID = 24265
47809
* 02:49:59.771 Jul 22: ISAKMP: (2060): treatment of the NOTIFY DPD/R_U_THERE_ACK protoco
l 1
0, message ID SPI = 2426547809, a = 0x8705F854
* 02:49:59.771 Jul 22: ISAKMP: (2060): DPO/R_U_THERE_ACK received from the peer 125,23
6.211.127, sequence 0x645EC368
* 02:49:59.771 Jul 22: ISAKMP: (2060): node-1868419487 FALSE reason for deletion error
"Information (in) condition 1"
* 02:49:59.771 Jul 22: ISAKMP: (2060): entry = IKE_MESG_FROM_PEER, IKE_INFO_NOTIFY
* 02:49:59.771 Jul 22: ISAKMP: (2060): former State = new State IKE_P1_COMPLETE = IKE
_P1_COMPLETE
* 02:50:01.111 Jul 22: ISAKMP: (2060): purge the node-1201068805
Comparing encrypt of 46 to 47436 counters, it seems that router is ecncrypting the traffic, but we do not get any interesting traffic on the remote side.
Most likely, you might want to check on the remote site, if you see counters increment in parallel decryption and encryption of the counters are incrementing or not.
On the router IOS, if are incrementing counters encrypt, and confirm that you have not any tunnel existing before the router can be seen same proxy IDs, which is already negotiated with other peer.
Finally, please make sure that the ESP, 50 protocol traffic is not blocked in transit.
I hope this helps.Kind regards
Dinesh MoudgilPS Please rate helpful messages.
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00:25:15: ISAKMP: (0:11:HW:2): former State = new State IKE_QM_R_QM2 = IKE_QM_PHASE2_COMPLETE
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Assorted useful details and matching orders of show results:
Cisco IOS Software, C831 (C831-K9O3SY6-M), Version 12.4 (25), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
There are 2 connections of IPSEC/GRE tunnel:
Tunnel101: KC (208.YY. ZZ.11) - remote control (74.WW. XX.35)
Tunnel201: Dallas (208.XX. YY.11) - remote control (74.WW. XX.35)Site-382-831 #sho ip int br
Interface IP-Address OK? Method State Protocol
FastEthernet1 unassigned YES unset down down
FastEthernet2 unassigned YES unset upward, upward
FastEthernet3 unassigned YES unset upward, upward
FastEthernet4 unassigned YES unset upward, upward
Ethernet0 10.3.82.10 YES NVRAM up up
Ethernet1 74.WW. XX.35 YES NVRAM up up
Ethernet2 172.16.1.10 YES NVRAM up up
Tunnel101 1.3.82.46 YES NVRAM up toward the bottom<>
Tunnel201 1.3.82.62 YES NVRAM up toward the bottom<==== ="">====>
NVI0 unassigned don't unset upward upwardsSite-382-831 #.
Site-382-831 #sho run int tunnel101
Building configuration...Current configuration: 277 bytes
!
interface Tunnel101
Description % connected to the 2nd KC BGP 2821 - PRI - B
IP 1.3.82.46 255.255.255.252
IP mtu 1500
IP virtual-reassembly
IP tcp adjust-mss 1360
KeepAlive 3 3
source of tunnel Ethernet1
destination of the 208.YY tunnel. ZZ.11
endSite-382-831 #.
Site-382-831 #show isakmp crypto his
status of DST CBC State conn-id slot
208.XX. YY.11 74.WW. XX.35 QM_IDLE ASSETS 0 11
208.YY. ZZ.11 74.WW. XX.35 QM_IDLE 10 0 ACTIVE
Site-382-831 #.Site-382-831 #.
Site-382-831 #show detail of the crypto isakmp
Code: C - IKE configuration mode, D - Dead Peer Detection
NAT-traversal - KeepAlive, N - K
X - IKE extended authentication
PSK - GIPR pre-shared key - RSA signature
renc - RSA encryptionC - id Local Remote I have VRF status BA hash Auth DH lifetime limit.
11 74.WW. XX.35 208.XX. YY.11 ACTIVE 3des sha psk 1 23:56:09
Connection-id: motor-id = 11:2 (hardware)
74.WW 10. XX.35 208.YY. ZZ.11 ACTIVE 3des sha psk 1 23:56:09
Connection-id: motor-id = 10:2 (hardware)
Site-382-831 #.Site-382-831 #.
Site-382-831 #show crypto ipsec hisInterface: Ethernet1
Tag crypto map: IPVPN_MAP, local addr 74.WW. XX.35protégé of the vrf: (none)
ident (addr, mask, prot, port) local: (74.WW. XX.35/255.255.255.255/47/0)
Remote ident (addr, mask, prot, port): (208.YY. ZZ.11/255.255.255.255/47/0)
current_peer 208.YY. ZZ.11 port 500
LICENCE, flags is {origin_is_acl},
#pkts program: 2333, #pkts encrypt: 2333, #pkts digest: 2333
#pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, #pkts check: 0
compressed #pkts: 0, unzipped #pkts: 0
#pkts uncompressed: 0, #pkts compr. has failed: 0
#pkts not unpacked: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
#send 21, #recv errors 0local crypto endpt. : 74.WW. XX.35, remote Start crypto. : 208.YY. ZZ.11
Path mtu 1500, mtu 1500 ip, ip mtu IDB Ethernet1
current outbound SPI: 0x45047D1D (1157922077)SAS of the esp on arrival:
SPI: 0x15B97AEA (364477162)
transform: esp-3des esp-sha-hmac.
running parameters = {Tunnel}
Conn ID: 2004, flow_id: C83X_MBRD:4, crypto card: IPVPN_MAP
calendar of his: service life remaining (k/s) key: (4486831/1056)
Size IV: 8 bytes
support for replay detection: Y
Status: ACTIVEthe arrival ah sas:
SAS of the CFP on arrival:
outgoing esp sas:
SPI: 0x45047D1D (1157922077)
transform: esp-3des esp-sha-hmac.
running parameters = {Tunnel}
Conn ID: 2003, flow_id: C83X_MBRD:3, crypto card: IPVPN_MAP
calendar of his: service life remaining (k/s) key: (4486744/1056)
Size IV: 8 bytes
support for replay detection: Y
Status: ACTIVEoutgoing ah sas:
outgoing CFP sas:
protégé of the vrf: (none)
ident (addr, mask, prot, port) local: (74.WW. XX.35/255.255.255.255/47/0)
Remote ident (addr, mask, prot, port): (208.XX. YY.11/255.255.255.255/47/0)
current_peer 208.XX. YY.11 port 500
LICENCE, flags is {origin_is_acl},
#pkts program: 2333, #pkts encrypt: 2333, #pkts digest: 2333
#pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, #pkts check: 0
compressed #pkts: 0, unzipped #pkts: 0
#pkts uncompressed: 0, #pkts compr. has failed: 0
#pkts not unpacked: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
#send 21, #recv errors 0local crypto endpt. : 74.WW. XX.35, remote Start crypto. : 208.XX. YY.11
Path mtu 1500, mtu 1500 ip, ip mtu IDB Ethernet1
current outbound SPI: 0xE82A86BC (3895101116)SAS of the esp on arrival:
SPI: 0x539697CA (1402378186)
transform: esp-3des esp-sha-hmac.
running parameters = {Tunnel}
Conn ID: 2008, flow_id: C83X_MBRD:8, crypto card: IPVPN_MAP
calendar of his: service life remaining (k/s) key: (4432595/1039)
Size IV: 8 bytes
support for replay detection: Y
Status: ACTIVEthe arrival ah sas:
SAS of the CFP on arrival:
outgoing esp sas:
SPI: 0xE82A86BC (3895101116)
transform: esp-3des esp-sha-hmac.
running parameters = {Tunnel}
Conn ID: 2001, flow_id: C83X_MBRD:1, crypto card: IPVPN_MAP
calendar of his: service life remaining (k/s) key: (4432508/1039)
Size IV: 8 bytes
support for replay detection: Y
Status: ACTIVEoutgoing ah sas:
outgoing CFP sas:
Site-382-831 #.Site-382-831 #.
Site-382-831 #show crypto ipsec his | Pkts Inc. | life
#pkts program: 2397, #pkts encrypt: 2397, #pkts digest: 2397
#pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, #pkts check: 0
compressed #pkts: 0, unzipped #pkts: 0
#pkts uncompressed: 0, #pkts compr. has failed: 0
#pkts not unpacked: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
calendar of his: service life remaining (k/s) key: (4486831/862)
calendar of his: service life remaining (k/s) key: (4486738/862)
#pkts program: 2397, #pkts encrypt: 2397, #pkts digest: 2397
#pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, #pkts check: 0
compressed #pkts: 0, unzipped #pkts: 0
#pkts uncompressed: 0, #pkts compr. has failed: 0
#pkts not unpacked: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
calendar of his: service life remaining (k/s) key: (4432595/846)
calendar of his: service life remaining (k/s) key: (4432501/846)
Site-382-831 #.Site-382-831 #.
Site-382-831 #show crypto isakmp policyWorld IKE policy
Priority protection Suite 10
encryption algorithm: three key triple a
hash algorithm: Secure Hash Standard
authentication method: pre-shared Key
Diffie-Hellman group: #1 (768 bits)
lifetime: 86400 seconds, no volume limit
Default protection suite
encryption algorithm: - Data Encryption STANDARD (56-bit keys).
hash algorithm: Secure Hash Standard
authentication method: Rivest-Shamir-Adleman Signature
Diffie-Hellman group: #1 (768 bits)
lifetime: 86400 seconds, no volume limit
Site-382-831 #.Site-382-831 #show crypto card
"IPVPN_MAP" 101-isakmp ipsec crypto map
Description: at the 2nd KC BGP 2821 - PRI - B
Peer = 208.YY. ZZ.11
Extend the PRI - B IP access list
access list PRI - B allowed will host 74.WW. XX.35 the host 208.YY. ZZ.11
Current counterpart: 208.YY. ZZ.11
Life safety association: 4608000 Kbytes / 3600 seconds
PFS (Y/N): N
Transform sets = {}
IPVPN,
}"IPVPN_MAP" 201-isakmp ipsec crypto map
Description: 2nd Dallas BGP 2821 - s-B
Peer = 208.XX. YY.11
Expand the list of IP SEC-B access
s - B allowed will host 74.WW access list. XX.35 the host 208.XX. YY.11
Current counterpart: 208.XX. YY.11
Life safety association: 4608000 Kbytes / 3600 seconds
PFS (Y/N): N
Transform sets = {}
IPVPN,
}
Interfaces using crypto card IPVPN_MAP:
Ethernet1
Site-382-831 #.Tunnel between KC & the remote site configuration is:
Distance c831 - KC
crypto ISAKMP policy 10
BA 3des
preshared authentication
!
PRI-B-382 address 208.YY isakmp encryption key. ZZ.11
!
Crypto ipsec transform-set esp-3des esp-sha-hmac IPVPN
transport mode
!
IPVPN_MAP 101 ipsec-isakmp crypto map
Description of 2nd KC BGP 2821 - PRI - B
set of peer 208.YY. ZZ.11
game of transformation-IPVPN
match address PRI - B
!
interface Tunnel101
Description % connected to the 2nd KC BGP 2821 - PRI - B
IP 1.3.82.46 255.255.255.252
IP mtu 1500
KeepAlive 3 3
IP virtual-reassembly
IP tcp adjust-mss 1360
source of tunnel Ethernet1
destination of the 208.YY tunnel. ZZ.11
!
interface Ethernet0
private network Description
IP 10.3.82.10 255.255.255.0
IP mtu 1500
no downtime
!
interface Ethernet1
IP 74.WW. XX.35 255.255.255.248
IP mtu 1500
automatic duplex
IP virtual-reassembly
card crypto IPVPN_MAP
no downtime
!
PRI - B extended IP access list
allow accord 74.WW the host. XX.35 the host 208.YY. ZZ.11
!KC-2821 *.
PRI-B-382 address 74.WW isakmp encryption key. XX.35
!
PRI-B-382 extended IP access list
allow accord 208.YY the host. ZZ.11 the host 74.WW. XX.35
!
IPVPN_MAP 382 ipsec-isakmp crypto map
Description % connected to the 2nd KC BGP 2821
set of peer 74.WW. XX.35
game of transformation-IPVPN
match address PRI-B-382
!
interface Tunnel382
Description %.
IP 1.3.82.45 255.255.255.252
KeepAlive 3 3
IP virtual-reassembly
IP tcp adjust-mss 1360
IP 1400 MTU
delay of 40000
tunnel of 208.YY origin. ZZ.11
destination of the 74.WW tunnel. XX.35
!
endAny help would be much appreciated!
Mark
Hello
logs on Site-382-831, only see the crypt but none decrypts, could you check a corresponding entry on the peer and see if has any questions send return traffic?
Site-382-831 #show crypto ipsec his | Pkts Inc. | life
#pkts program: 2397, #pkts encrypt: 2397, #pkts digest: 2397
#pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, #pkts check: 0
compressed #pkts: 0, unzipped #pkts: 0
#pkts uncompressed: 0, #pkts compr. has failed: 0
#pkts not unpacked: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
calendar of his: service life remaining (k/s) key: (4486831/862)
calendar of his: service life remaining (k/s) key: (4486738/862)
#pkts program: 2397, #pkts encrypt: 2397, #pkts digest: 2397
#pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, #pkts check: 0
compressed #pkts: 0, unzipped #pkts: 0
#pkts uncompressed: 0, #pkts compr. has failed: 0
#pkts not unpacked: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
calendar of his: service life remaining (k/s) key: (4432595/846)
calendar of his: service life remaining (k/s) key: (4432501/846)
Site-382-831 #.Kind regards
Averroès.
-
Hi all
I have a small question. Is it possible to run L2L IPSEC VPN via a subway-E connection? It's not supposed to do something like that with Metro-E but this connection is with a partner so at both ends, firewall is in place. With port forwading, NATting, etc, etc, I came across problems of providing additional services because of it. I hope that IPSEC VPN L2L at both ends will solve this problem once and for all. The only question is of course in fact that a metro-E is just an ethernet connection and not really difference in setting up a VPN IPSEC of L2L via internet.
Thank you for your help.
Eric,
Yes, connection L2L IPSEC VPN Tunnel Over Metro-E should work perfectly. You might meet in the treatment of air issues and the flow on the VPN server but it should be good.
Kind regards
Arul
* Rate pls if it helps *.
-
VPN/IPSec-L2L - Question?
Hello!
Recently, I was doing some troubleshooting on a connection VPN/IPSec Lan-to-Lan between a Cisco PIX515E and a Linux firewall. My question concerns the configuration and is not the problem itself.
Traffic interesting (encrypted traffic) defined and configured the LAN of PIX (inside) and the distance public IP? Which means that the Peer IKE and the interesting remote control LAN/IP are the same... and it works!
Any ideas?
Thank you
JP
As long as you source the package from the local network of Pix to remote public IP, the tunnel will work well and works :-)
So, if you really look at the fluidity of the traffic, you're sourcing traffic from Pix LAN intended to public IP remote that corresponds to the defined access list. Thus, the pix knows he has encrypt traffic and now seeks the cryptographic endpoint points (pix outside IP public IP remotely) and sends the encrypted packets. So, this configuration works perfectly.
In fact, Pix will not allow Telnet the external of the pix interface unless the traffic is through an IPSEC Tunnel and it was one of the establishment who gave a telnet access to the external interface of the Pix, it's LAN to the public IP of Pix through an IPSEC Tunnel.
Kind regards
Arul
* Please note all useful messages *.
-
Hello
I have 2 questions about vpn IPsec
I have an asa, vpn ipsec (l2l) running on a remote site with 192.168.0.0/24 network
1 > I can ping 192.168.0.1 but not 192.168.0.111. I had observed "Recv errors" whenever I have ping to 192.168.0.111.
I had observed recevied errors of "crypto ipsec to show his" exit; but not because the tunnel to reconnect (after timeout) and w/o any changes made to the configuration.
What could be the cause and how can I fix just in case where the returned errors? I can't find much info on "recv errors."
2 > I understand there are 2 acl required for a vpn ipsec typical; 1 for no NAT, 1 correspondence address card crypto
can I implement an acl to allow tcp 3389 only from the remote network on my local network on the asa?
Thank you
cash
Salvation of cash,
There is not a lot we can do here in what concerns this isuse.
You can talk to your service provider and see if they do not modify the packets somehow.
Also ask them to check for any problem on the circuit.
See you soon,.
Nash.
-
Setup for use with Cisco Anyconnect VPN IPsec
So, I had trouble setting up VPN on our ASA 5510. I would use IPsec VPN so that we don't have to worry about licensing issues, but what I have read you can do with and always use Cisco Anyconnect. My knowledge on how to set up VPN especially in iOS version 8.4 is limited, so I've been using a combination of command line and ASDM.
I am finally able to connect from a remote location, but once I log in, nothing else works. What I've read, you can use IPsec for client-to-lan connections. I use a pre-shared for this. Documentation is limited on what should happen after have connected you? Shouldn't be able to local access on the vpn connection computers? I'm trying to implement work. If I have VPN from home, should not be able to access all of the resources at work? According to me, because I used the command-line as ASDM I confused some of the configuration. In addition, I think that some of the default policies are confused me too. So I probably need a lot of help. Here is my current setup with the changed IP address and other things that are not related to deleted VPN.
NOTE: We are still testing this ASA and is not in production.
Any help you can give me is greatly appreciated.
ASA Version 8.4 (2)
!
ASA host name
domain.com domain name
!
interface Ethernet0/0
nameif inside
security-level 100
the IP 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0/1
nameif outside
security-level 0
IP 50.1.1.225 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0/2
Shutdown
No nameif
no level of security
no ip address
!
interface Ethernet0/3
Shutdown
No nameif
no level of security
no ip address
!
interface Management0/0
No nameif
security-level 100
IP 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
boot system Disk0: / asa842 - k8.bin
passive FTP mode
DNS domain-lookup outside
DNS server-group DefaultDNS
!
permit same-security-traffic intra-interface
!
network of the NETWORK_OBJ_192.168.0.224_27 object
subnet 192.168.0.224 255.255.255.224
!
object-group service VPN
ESP service object
the purpose of the tcp destination eq ssh service
the purpose of the tcp destination eq https service
the purpose of the service udp destination eq 443
the destination eq isakmp udp service object
!
allowed IP extended ip access list a whole
!
mask 192.168.0.225 - 192.168.0.250 255.255.255.0 IP local pool VPNPool
no failover
failover time-out period - 1
ICMP unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1
ASDM image disk0: / asdm - 645.bin
don't allow no asdm history
ARP timeout 14400
NAT (inside, outside) static source any any static destination NETWORK_OBJ_192.168.0.224_27 NETWORK_OBJ_192.168.0.224_27 non-proxy-arp-search to itinerary
!
the object of the LAN network
NAT dynamic interface (indoor, outdoor)
Access-group outside_in in external interface
Route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 50.1.1.250 1
Sysopt noproxyarp inside
Sysopt noproxyarp outdoors
Crypto ipsec transform-set ikev1 SHA-ESP-3DES esp-3des esp-sha-hmac
Crypto ipsec transform-set ikev1 ESP-AES-256-MD5 esp-aes-256 esp-md5-hmac
Crypto ipsec transform-set ikev1 ESP-DES-SHA esp - esp-sha-hmac
Crypto ipsec transform-set ikev1 esp ESP-DES-MD5-esp-md5-hmac
Crypto ipsec transform-set ikev1 ESP-AES-192-MD5 esp-aes-192 esp-md5-hmac
Crypto ipsec transform-set ikev1 ESP-3DES-MD5-esp-3des esp-md5-hmac
Crypto ipsec transform-set ikev1 ESP-AES-256-SHA esp-aes-256 esp-sha-hmac
Crypto ipsec transform-set ikev1 ESP-AES-128-SHA aes - esp esp-sha-hmac
Crypto ipsec transform-set ikev1 ESP-AES-192-SHA esp-aes-192 esp-sha-hmac
Crypto ipsec transform-set ikev1 ESP-AES-128-MD5-esp - aes esp-md5-hmac
Crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal OF
encryption protocol esp
Esp integrity sha - 1, md5 Protocol
Crypto ipsec ikev2 proposal ipsec 3DES
Esp 3des encryption protocol
Esp integrity sha - 1, md5 Protocol
Crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES
Esp aes encryption protocol
Esp integrity sha - 1, md5 Protocol
Crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES192
Protocol esp encryption aes-192
Esp integrity sha - 1, md5 Protocol
Crypto ipsec ikev2 AES256 ipsec-proposal
Protocol esp encryption aes-256
Esp integrity sha - 1, md5 Protocol
crypto dynamic-map SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP 65535 pfs Group1 set
crypto dynamic-map SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP 65535 define ikev1 transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA ESP-AES-128-MD5 ESP-AES-192-SHA ESP-AES-192-MD5 ESP-AES-256-SHA ESP-AES-256-MD5 ESP-3DES-SHA MD5-ESP-3DES ESP-DES-SHA ESP-DES-MD5
crypto dynamic-map SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP 65535 define ikev2 AES256 AES192 AES 3DES ipsec-proposal OF
outside_map card crypto 65535-isakmp dynamic ipsec SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP
outside_map interface card crypto outside
Crypto ca trustpoint ASDM_TrustPoint0
registration auto
name of the object CN = ASA
Configure CRL
crypto ca server
Shutdown
string encryption ca ASDM_TrustPoint0 certificates
certificate d2c18c4e
864886f7 0d06092a c18c4e30 308201f3 3082015c a0030201 d 020204 2 0d 010105
0500303e 3110300e 06035504 03130741 53413535 3130312a 2 a 864886 30280609
02161b 41 53413535 31302e64 69676974 616c 6578 7472656d 65732e63 f70d0109
3131 31303036 31393133 31365a 17 323131 30303331 39313331 0d 170d 6f6d301e
365a303e 3110300e 06035504 03130741 53413535 3130312a 2 a 864886 30280609
02161b 41 53413535 31302e64 69676974 616c 6578 7472656d 65732e63 f70d0109
6f6d3081 9f300d06 092 has 8648 86f70d01 01010500 03818d b 30818902-00-818100-2
8acbe1f4 5aa19dc5 d3379bf0 f0e1177d 79b2b7cf cc6b4623 d1d97d4c 53c9643b
37f32caf b13b5205 d24457f2 b5d674cb 399f86d0 e6c3335f 031d54f4 d6ca246c
234b32b2 b3ad2bf6 e3f824c0 95bada06 f5173ad2 329c28f8 20daaccf 04c 51782
3ca319d0 d5d415ca 36a9eaff f9a7cf9c f7d5e6cc 5f7a3412 98e71de8 37150f02
03010001 300 d 0609 2a 864886 f70d0101 05050003 8181009d d2d4228d 381112a 1
cfd05ec1 0f51a828 0748172e 3ff7b480 26c197f5 fd07dd49 01cd9db6 9152c4dc
18d0f452 50f5d0f5 4a8279c4 4c1505f9 f5e691cc 59173dd1 7b86de4f 4e804ac6
beb342d1 f2db1d1f 878bb086 981536cf f4094dbf 36c5371f e1a0db0a 75685bef
af72e31f a1c4a892 d0acc618 888b53d1 9b 888669 70e398
quit smoking
IKEv2 crypto policy 1
aes-256 encryption
integrity sha
Group 2 of 5
FRP sha
second life 86400
IKEv2 crypto policy 10
aes-192 encryption
integrity sha
Group 2 of 5
FRP sha
second life 86400
IKEv2 crypto policy 20
aes encryption
integrity sha
Group 2 of 5
FRP sha
second life 86400
IKEv2 crypto policy 30
3des encryption
integrity sha
Group 2 of 5
FRP sha
second life 86400
IKEv2 crypto policy 40
the Encryption
integrity sha
Group 2 of 5
FRP sha
second life 86400
Crypto ikev2 activate out of service the customer port 443
Crypto ikev2 access remote trustpoint ASDM_TrustPoint0
Crypto ikev1 allow outside
IKEv1 crypto policy 10
preshared authentication
3des encryption
sha hash
Group 2
life 86400
IKEv1 crypto policy 65535
preshared authentication
3des encryption
sha hash
Group 2
life 86400
Telnet timeout 5
SSH timeout 10
Console timeout 0
management-access inside
SSL-trust outside ASDM_TrustPoint0 point
WebVPN
allow outside
AnyConnect image disk0:/anyconnect-win-2.5.2014-k9.pkg 1
AnyConnect image disk0:/anyconnect-linux-2.5.2014-k9.pkg 2
AnyConnect image disk0:/anyconnect-macosx-i386-2.5.2014-k9.pkg 3
profiles of AnyConnect VPN disk0: / devpn.xml
AnyConnect enable
tunnel-group-list activate
internal VPN group policy
attributes of VPN group policy
value of server WINS 50.1.1.17 50.1.1.18
value of 50.1.1.17 DNS server 50.1.1.18
Ikev1 VPN-tunnel-Protocol, l2tp ipsec ikev2 ssl-client
digitalextremes.com value by default-field
WebVPN
value of AnyConnect VPN type user profiles
always-on-vpn-profile setting
privilege of xxxxxxxxx encrypted password username administrator 15
VPN1 xxxxxxxxx encrypted password username
VPN Tunnel-group type remote access
General-attributes of VPN Tunnel-group
address (inside) VPNPool pool
address pool VPNPool
LOCAL authority-server-group
Group Policy - by default-VPN
VPN Tunnel-group webvpn-attributes
enable VPN group-alias
Group-tunnel VPN ipsec-attributes
IKEv1 pre-shared-key *.
!
class-map inspection_default
match default-inspection-traffic
class-map ips
corresponds to the IP access list
!
!
type of policy-card inspect dns preset_dns_map
parameters
maximum message length automatic of customer
message-length maximum 512
Policy-map global_policy
class inspection_default
inspect the preset_dns_map dns
inspect the ftp
inspect h323 h225
inspect the h323 ras
Review the ip options
inspect the netbios
inspect the rsh
inspect the rtsp
inspect the skinny
inspect esmtp
inspect sqlnet
inspect sunrpc
inspect the tftp
inspect the sip
inspect xdmcp
inspect the http
class ips
IPS inline help
class class by default
Statistical accounting of user
I would recommend buy AnyConnect Essentials. The cost of the license is nominal - list of US $150 for the 5510. (piece number L-ASA-AC-E-5510 =)
Meawwhile you can use the Cisco VPN client inherited with IKEv1 IPSec remote access VPN using profiles *.pcf.
I believe you can also use the client Anyconnect client SSL or DTLS transport access remotely (non-IPsec) without having to buy the license Anyconnect Essentials for your ASA focus.
As an aside, note that if you want to use AnyConnect Mobile (e.g. for iPhone, iPad, Android, Blackberry etc.clients) you will also get the additional license for it (L-ASA-AC-M-5510 =, also price US $150)
-
ASA ASA from Site to Site VPN IPSec Tunnel
Any help would be greatly appreciated...
I have two devices Cisco ASA with a Site for the configuration of the tunnel VPN IPSec Site as follows: -.
Site #1 - Cisco ASA running version 8.2 (1) with an internal range of 10.0.0.x/24
Site #2 - Cisco ASA running version 8.2 (1) with an internal range of 10.1.1.x/24
Site #1 is simple and has a dynamic NAT rule which translates all of the inside and the outside (public IP) of the SAA.
Internet access works very well in all workstations of this site. A static route is configured to redirect all traffic to a public router upstream.
Site #2 is slightly more complicated; the Cisco ASA is configured with 10.1.1.254/24 as its interior IP address and 10.1.2.254/24 as its external IP address. A dynamic NAT rule is configured to translate everything inside as the 10.1.2.254 (outside) address of the ASA. A default static route is then configured to redirect all traffic to a Draytek device on 10.1.2.253. This device then performs its own private Public NAT. Again the Internet works fine all hosts inside the Cisco ASA (10.1.1.x)
The IPSec tunnel is created with the networks local and remote endpoint as above (10.0.0.x/24) and (10.1.1.x/24). The Draytek at the Site #2 device is configured with a form of DMZ that allows essentially ALL traffic toward the front directly on the external interface of the ASA (10.1.2.254). The Phase 1 and Phase 2 negotiation of the tunnel ends correctly, and the tunnel is formed without any problem. However, all traffic passing on networks ICMP does not end and the Syslog reports the following-
Site #1-
6 January 19, 2011 15:27:21 302020 ZEFF-SB-01_LAN 1 10.1.1.51 0 Built of outbound ICMP connection for faddr 10.1.1.51/0 gaddr ZEFF-SB-01_LAN/1 laddr ZEFF-SB-01_LAN/1 6 January 19, 2011 15:27:23 302021 10.1.1.51 0 ZEFF-SB-01_LAN 1 Connection of ICMP disassembly for faddr 10.1.1.51/0 gaddr ZEFF-SB-01_LAN/1 laddr ZEFF-SB-01_LAN/1 Site #2-
6 January 19, 2011 15:24:47 302020 10.1.1.51 0 10.0.0.30 1 Built of outbound ICMP connection for faddr gaddr laddr 10.1.1.51/0 10.1.1.51/0 10.0.0.30/1 6 January 19, 2011 15:24:49 302021 10.0.0.30 1 10.1.1.51 0 Connection of disassembly for faddr gaddr laddr 10.1.1.51/0 10.1.1.51/0 10.0.0.30/1 ICMP It's the same for any form of traffic passing over the tunnel. The ACL is configured to allow segments of LAN out to any destination. At this point, I left scratching my head, as my original theory was to blame the Draytek, but after reading the documentation given to the DMZ host configuration, it appears this parameter is configured all traffic is simply forwarded to the IP address (in this case, the Cisco ASA interface outside).
Anyone can shed light on a possible cause of this problem?
Thank you
Nick
did you bypass the vpn traffic between 10.0.0 and 10.1.1 to be NAT - ed on the two ASA?
Please provide the following information
-set up the tunnel
-show the isa cry his
-show the ipsec cry his
-ping of the site 1 site 2 via tunnel
-capture "crypto ipsec to show his" once again
-ping from site 2 to 1 by the tunnel of the site
-capture "crypto ipsec to show his" once again
-two ASA configuration.
-
Site-to-Site VPN IPSEC falls intermittently
Site-to-Site VPN IPSEC falls intermittently
I am currently having a problem with a VPN from Site to Site traffic not only not intermittently. When the problem occurs, I can't Ping the remote site to the AC Site. But I can solve the problem by Pinging from HQ at the Remote Site. My network is currently configured as follows
-------HQ------
7.0 (4) version of pix 515 with card Ethernet 4 ports.
Outside of the interface connected to the Broadband DSL link.
Outside2 Interface connected to the second link DSL broadband
-Distance-
I have 4 Remote Sites. 2 sites connect you to each connection to wide band at HQ to spread the load to HQ
6.3 (5) pix 501 version
# The problem #.
All VPN establishes successfully to the HQ Pix
Intermittently, a remote site will report that they cannot connect to servers/services in the HQ. When I do a show crypto ipsec's and see the crypto isakmp his headquarters there is no entry for the remote site. However when I do the same on the remote site there is an entry for the HQ. With debugging on the remote site pix I try to ping from a pc to the HQ server and I get the following (see below). If I do a "ipsec Isakmp security association claire crypto ' and ' clear crypto ipsec his ' on the pix of remote site, then I can successfully ping all servers in headquarters.
This problem seems to have taken place only when I upgraded the pix of a 501 to 515 and added another 2 remote sites and a second broadband, as described above. I'm afraid that there is a problem with software version 7 Pix. Any advice would be greatly appreciated.
Console record Carrick-PIX01 (config) # 7
Carrick-PIX01 (config) # ter Lun
Output Carrick-PIX01 (config) #.
Carrick-PIX01 # debug crypto ipsec
Carrick-PIX01 # debug crypto isakmp
Carrick-PIX01 #.
ISAKMP (0:0): sending of NAT - T vendor ID - rev 2 & 3
ISAKMP (0): early changes of Main Mode
ISAKMP (0): retransmission of the phase 1 (0)...
ISAKMP (0): retransmission of the phase 1 (1)...
ISAKMP (0): retransmission of the phase 1 (2)...
Carrick-PIX01 #.
Carrick-PIX01 #.
ISAKMP (0): retransmission of the phase 1 (3)...
Carrick-PIX01 #.
Carrick-PIX01 #.
ISAKMP (0): retransmission of the phase 1 (4)... IPSec (key_engine): request timer shot: count = 1,.
(identity) local = OUTER-IP, distance = 86.43.74.16,.
local_proxy = LAN-OFFICE/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type = 4),
remote_proxy = 194.x.x.x.x.255.0/0/0 (type = 4)
ISAKMP (0): delete SA: CBC EXTERNAL IP, dst 86.43.74.16
ISADB: Reaper checking HIS 0x10c167c, id_conn = 0 DELETE IT!
Peer VPN: ISAKMP: Peer Info for 86.43.74.16/500 not found - peer: 1
ISADB: Reaper checking HIS 0x10ca914, id_conn = 0
Can force you the ISAKMP Keepalive, value from IPSec Security Association idle time and on the other. The problem should be solved
ISAKMP crypto keepalive 30
Crypto ipsec security association temps_inactivite 60
Let me know if it helps
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Site to Site VPN IPsec IPv6 on issue of routers-Tunnel
Hi, I am experiencing a problem can any one address the question below and let me know the solution. I have two routers and try to build "Site to Site VPN IPsec IPv6". I followed orders from Cisco and community document but when I apply my profile of ipsec for tunnel interfaces, that the tunnel is down.
https://supportforums.Cisco.com/docs/doc-27009
Ali,
VTI tunnels are meant to be broken when there is no active negotiated spinnakers.
The tunnel will go towards up/face upwards when there is a means of transport of packages - i.e. the SPIs are present.
You can control the order spinnakers 'show peer's crypto ipsec '.
For debugging:
Debug crypto isa
Debug crypto ipsec
M.
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Morning,
I have an ASA 5520 of Cisco running 8.4 (5). When to use a VPN ipsec client and it connects to the local network, how the connection interprets her return flights. Currently, I have all my servers pointing to the front door on our old firewall. I have a different gateway on the new Cisco firewall. It is a transitional phase we are permanently than one Cisco ASA 5520 firewall. For testing purposes, we want to test the configuration of the VPN client with our front Radius Server cut us above. Test users must connect to resources on the corporate network. Should I put a route on the old firewall so when packets hit VPN servers they will know how to return to the VPN tunnel or the source and destination address will already be taken into account when the tunnel VPN hits the server, packages will return to the tunnel. The Cisco VPN client does not NAT configuration. Once we feel that the test is passed, we will change the gateway from the Cisco ASA 5520 to match the existing bridge for all resources on the network.
Information or advice would be greatly appreciated?
Thank you
Carlos
On the SAA, you set up a pool of IP addresses for the client. This pool should be aligned on the subnet boundaries. On your infrastructure (L3 switch or your old firewall), you tricky staric asa for this pool-network. Thereby the packages of answer-VPN-will flow to the ASA.
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