Types of Vpn"
Hi all
It is a matter totally newbie but here's...
It is written in some places, the L2TP, PPTP and GRE are types of vpn tunnels, if for example you can create a dialer L2TP and (after authentication), it will form a tunnel L2TP, which you can wrap in a GRE tunnel
first of all, what is the need for this? Because L2TP allows to transfer any layer 3 Protocol. you need top GRE?
the other thing is, in some texts, there are explanations on the configuration a L2TP on the LAKE and the LNS and of course as a dialer to the client end. no free WILL. so... what exactly? is it a tunnel? What is a dialer? is it two? What are the differences, and when I would prefer one over the other?
Ipsec, isakamp, encryption, mapping all phases are well understood. My confusion is these types different tunnel/dialer.
Thanks in advance,
Willow
Dear friends,
Let me join you.
(1) what is the difference between L2TP and GRE? they need IPSec and are has a few tunnels, while L2TP is also a dialer via PPP/PPPoe to connect to the ISP.
L2TP is used to encapsulate and tunnel set Layer2 frameworks (e.g. Ethernet, HDLC, PPP, Frame Relay, or ATM) including their payload. GRE is used to encapsulate and tunnel Layer 3 packets (such as IPv4 or IPv6). There are other significant differences between free WILL and L2TP, but at this stage, I consider it the most important distinction between them. In other words, if you consider a tunnel to a pipe, and then with L2TP, you would be feeding Layer2 frames in this pipe and with free WILL, you could feed Layer 3 packets in this pipe. The choice of L2TP or free WILL depends on the application - whether you need tunnel frames together because they are sent by the source, or if you just need packages of origin without their tunnel link layer encapsulation.
In fact, there is an exception to the above rules that may make things more confusing. You can also tunnel Layer2 executives through tunnels GRE as well. The trick is to know what kind of frame you syringe in a GRE packet. If you look more closely the format of the header 4 bytes to the base address WILL, the first 2 bytes specify version GRE and indicators and the 2 following bytes have the same meaning as the EtherType Ethernet field: they identify the type of payload of the GRE packet. If there is a valid EtherType value recorded for the frame you want to carry through a GRE tunnel, then by all means, you can create a tunnel it. If there is no registered EtherType value then you are in trouble because you can't invent a value and put it there - maybe receiver endpoint do not understand the value, or it can it be confused with another protocol and process encapsulated incorrectly frame. All the common Layer 3 protocols have their EtherType recorded because they are intended to be carried in Ethernet frames, so with Layer 3 packets, we generally have no problem. However, not all the Layer2 protocols have their EtherTypes because tunneling frames within other frames is not a common practice. This is why the nature of the ACCORD as a Layer 3 mainly tunneling protocol.
Just for your convenience, you can find the list of EtherType values to
http://standards-Oui.IEEE.org/EtherType/ETH.txt
L2TP or IPsec need se GRE. The two protocols of defintion will happily run without IPsec, but then, of course, they will carry all data encrypted and unprotected. IPsec is an add-on to the two protocols to ensure data transmission security (authentication, confidentiality, integrity, protection against replay attacks).
By saying "L2TP is also a dialer via PPP/PPPoE to connect to the ISP" you want to say probably virtual-PPP interface - am I wrong? Can you clarify this more in detail?
(2) what is the Protocol-point difference charged and tunnel point-to-point protocol? since they both are supported on non - IP traffic
PPP is a protocol of Layer2 and is intended to be run directly through the physical network interfaces. It is not a tunneling protocol, it is rather a protocol binding to data originally created to be used on interfaces series of computers and routers. He replaced or complete other binding protocols series such as SLIP or HDLC. Regarding the installation of the OSI model, PPP is on the same layer that Ethernet - both run through the physical network interfaces and define how two directly connected network interfaces to send messages between them.
PPTP is a tunneling protocol that uses a modification of the GRE protocol and Protocol additional signs to tunnel PPP frames in IP packets on a routed network. It's the confusing thing, PPTP: she uses GRE to tunnel PPP frames and only PPP frames. You can't see other types of PPTP traffic directly - it was not designed to function this way even if the Agreement itself would be able to do this. Instead, what you want to carry on a PPTP tunnel must first be put in PPP frames, and they will get so encapsulated WILL and sent on the tunnel on the other side.
The fact that the PPP is used inside PPTP does not imply that the PPP was invented with PPTP in mind. It actually has the opposite - PPP existed well before PPTP and creators of felt PPTP that it would be beneficial to use because it provides some features neat it otherwise would re-implement (authentication, superior negotiation of the Protocol, the IP autoconfiguration to name a few). The fact that the PPP is used inside PPTP does not have PPP, only a tunneling protocol; PPP is rather just a "victim" of PPTP.
PPTP is not a data link layer protocol, it is not directly used on any type of physical interface, on the contrary: PPTP expects connectivity IP base (using any type of data link layer and physical) between endpoints is already in place.
(3) what about standalone (no GRE) PPTP? why they want PPTP running inside a GRE? How to get it? also, why can I not use PPTP with GRE and ipsec for security, or simply of PPTP with ipsec? Why should I use L2TP? What is its benefits?
PPTP consists internally of a somewhat modified GRE more additional control running on TCP channel which provides the installation of the tunnel and disassembly session. There is no such thing as a standalone without GRE PPTP: PPTP is Grateful, even if not a vanilla ACCORD, rather an adapted version of it.
On the combination of PPTP and IPsec - technically, there nothing that would prevent you from protecting a PPTP with IPsec tunnel. It's just a unicast IP traffic and all this kind of traffic between two fixed end points can be protected by IPsec. If this combination is not available on a particular device or operating system, it is simply because this combination was never sufficiently strongly requested by customers to be implemented by providers.
L2TP has the advantage of being richer, more widely supported and actively developed, but it was really designed to be used in environments of provider where hundreds or thousands of individual subscribers and their traffic are by tunnel between an access concentrator and a network server. These features are not used if the L2TP is terminated in a single user PC or router home. Of course, it has nothing bad about it, there just the L2TP is an excessive for such a small scale deployment. Yet, as it turns out, PPTP is considered to be more be simply outdated and not developed or maintained and L2TP is universally suggested as one of the possible replacements.
(4) who is the dialer in GRE + IPSEC tunnel (or free WILL independent tunnel?) this Protocol is used? which layer 2 is used to make the connection?
I'm not quite sure what you mean by the "dialer". With Volition, encapsulation is
IP tunnel header. GRE header | Package originating IP
This whole package is an IP packet, and is simply routed over the network to the tunnel endpoint, décapsulés-L2 and L2 encapsulated at each router according to the normal rules.
(5) when you say GRE protocol 47 and ipsec uses the protocol 50 or 51 (esp / ah)-how the two, they meet? How to watch an encapsulation with these two protocols? What is used at each layer?
Depending on whether IPsec is used in transport or tunnel mode, a GRE packet protected by IPsec looks like this:
Tunnel mode:
Intellectual property for the IPsec tunnel header. ESP / AH | GRE tunnel IP header | GRE header | Package originating IP
Mode of transport:
GRE tunnel IP header | ESP / AH | GRE header | Package originating IP
With IPsec protection, the outer header (on the left shown) will always use the value of protocol 50/51. The value of Protocol 47 is engaged in the header of GRE IP tunnel (tunnel mode) or is moved to the ESP header's next header field / AH (mode of transport).
(6) that LNS actually means "a L2TP server just insdie a router?
LNS means L2TP Network Server and it peut - but does not need to-say that this feature is implemented in a network router. LNS is a software service, and it can be done either in the operating system (and perhaps partially in hardware) of a router, or it can be run on a server. There are implementations of the feature of LNS for Linux servers, for example.
The terminology of the LAKE (L2TP Access Concentrator) and LNS (L2TP Network Server) is given by the RFCS that specify the use of L2TP. These RFCs do not oblige how or where these two elements are implemented. Any device that performs the tasks of LAKE or LNS is called a LAKE or a LNS, and either a dedicated router or even a PC or a raspberry Pi is not serious to L2TP.
(7) if I come with a GRE tunnel and ipsec, I still need to use L2TP as dial-up at the end of the customer, I don't?
Certainly not - the GRE tunnels create IP packages, and these IP packets will be routed to the other end of the tunnel through existing IP connectivity. Until you can have a GRE tunnel between two end points, you must have a connectivity IP to work between them (this is the same as for PPTP; after all, PPTP is based on the GRE). There is no need to use L2TP here. Even if encapsulate you the GRE in IPsec, you still get an IP packet that you can send to the other end of the tunnel, as there is already usable IP connectivity.
Welcome to ask for more!
Best regards
Peter
Tags: Cisco Security
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: Saved
: Written by enable_15 at 13:42:51.243 UTC Thursday, November 27, 2008
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!
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Username: Index: 22
Public IP address 10.0.1.2 assigned IP::
Protocol: IPsec IKEv1
IKEv1:
Tunnel ID: 22.1
The UDP Src Port: 18451 UDP Dst Port: 500
IKE Neg Mode: Aggressive Auth Mode: preSharedKeys
Encryption: AES 256 hash: SHA1
Generate a new key Int (T): 28800 seconds given to the key Left (T): 28551 seconds
Group D/H: 2
Name of the filter:
Client OS: Windows NT Client OS worm: 5.0.07.0290
IPsec:
Tunnel ID: 22.2
Local addr: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0
Remote addr: 10.0.1.2/255.255.255.255/0/0
Encryption: AES 256 hash: SHA1
Encapsulation: Tunnel
Generate a new key Int (T): 28800 seconds given to the key Left (T): 28551 seconds
Idle Time Out: 30 Minutes idling left: 25 Minutes
TX Bytes: 0 Rx bytes: 0
TX pkts: Rx Pkts 0: 0
Dynamic PAT - Transparent tunnel (NAT/PAT) on the VPN Client
- Via VPN connections work as we use Tunneling Transparent when we train the dynamic VPN Client through PAT connection
Username: Index: 28
Public IP address 10.0.1.2 assigned IP::
Protocol: IKEv1 IPsecOverNatT
IKEv1:
Tunnel ID: 28.1
The UDP Src Port: 52825 UDP Dst Port: 4500
IKE Neg Mode: Aggressive Auth Mode: preSharedKeys
Encryption: AES 256 hash: SHA1
Generate a new key Int (T): 28800 seconds given to the key Left (T): 28784 seconds
Group D/H: 2
Name of the filter:
Client OS: Windows NT Client OS worm: 5.0.07.0290
IPsecOverNatT:
Tunnel ID: 28.2
Local addr: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0
Remote addr: 10.0.1.2/255.255.255.255/0/0
Encryption: AES 256 hash: SHA1
Encapsulation: Tunnel
Generate a new key Int (T): 28800 seconds given to the key Left (T): 28784 seconds
Idle Time Out: 30 Minutes idling left: 30 Minutes
TX Bytes: 360 bytes Rx: 360
TX pkts: 6 Pkts Rx: 6
Dynamics PAT, Transparent IPsec (TCP) on the Client VPN tunnel
- Via VPN connections work as we use Tunneling Transparent when we train the dynamic VPN Client through PAT connection
Username: Index: 24
Public IP address 10.0.1.2 assigned IP::
Protocol: IKEv1 IPsecOverTCP
IKEv1:
Tunnel ID: 24.1
The UDP Src Port: 20343 UDP Dst Port: 500
IKE Neg Mode: Aggressive Auth Mode: preSharedKeys
Encryption: AES 256 hash: SHA1
Generate a new key Int (T): 28800 seconds given to the key Left (T): 28792 seconds
Group D/H: 2
Name of the filter:
Client OS: Windows NT Client OS worm: 5.0.07.0290
IPsecOverTCP:
Tunnel ID: 24,2
Local addr: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0
Remote addr: 10.0.1.2/255.255.255.255/0/0
Encryption: AES 256 hash: SHA1
Encapsulation: Tunnel TCP Src Port: 20343
The TCP Dst Port: 10000
Generate a new key Int (T): 28800 seconds given to the key Left (T): 28792 seconds
Idle Time Out: 30 Minutes idling left: 30 Minutes
TX Bytes: 180 bytes Rx: 180
TX pkts: Rx 3 Pkts: 3
Static NAT - no Transparent on the Client VPN tunnel
- VPN Client connections to the LAN work because our VPN Client has a static NAT configured for its local IP address. This allows the ESP without encapsulation through the device doing the static NAT. You must allow the ESP traffic through the NAT device of management of the device VPN or configure VPN connections inspection if there is an ASA acting as the NAT device.
Username: Index: 25
Public IP address 10.0.1.2 assigned IP::
Protocol: IPsec IKEv1
IKEv1:
Tunnel ID: 25.1
The UDP Src Port: 50136 UDP Dst Port: 500
IKE Neg Mode: Aggressive Auth Mode: preSharedKeys
Encryption: AES 256 hash: SHA1
Generate a new key Int (T): 28800 seconds given to the key Left (T): 28791 seconds
Group D/H: 2
Name of the filter:
Client OS: Windows NT Client OS worm: 5.0.07.0290
IPsec:
Tunnel ID: 25.2
Local addr: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0
Remote addr: 10.0.1.2/255.255.255.255/0/0
Encryption: AES 256 hash: SHA1
Encapsulation: Tunnel
Generate a new key Int (T): 28800 seconds given to the key Left (T): 28791 seconds
Idle Time Out: 30 Minutes idling left: 30 Minutes
TX Bytes: 120 bytes Rx: 120
TX pkts: Rx 2 Pkts: 2
Static NAT - Transparent tunnel (NAT/PAT) on the VPN Client
- The VPN Client connections are functioning normally. Even if the host Staticly using a NAT VPN Client does not need UDP encapsulation it is always used if your connection of the VPN Client profile is configured to use (tab in the Transport of the client software)
Username: Index: 26
Public IP address 10.0.1.2 assigned IP::
Protocol: IKEv1 IPsecOverNatT
IKEv1:
Tunnel ID: 26.1
The UDP Src Port: 60159 UDP Dst Port: 4500
IKE Neg Mode: Aggressive Auth Mode: preSharedKeys
Encryption: AES 256 hash: SHA1
Generate a new key Int (T): 28800 seconds given to the key Left (T): 28772 seconds
Group D/H: 2
Name of the filter:
Client OS: Windows NT Client OS worm: 5.0.07.0290
IPsecOverNatT:
Tunnel ID: 26.2
Local addr: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0
Remote addr: 10.0.1.2/255.255.255.255/0/0
Encryption: AES 256 hash: SHA1
Encapsulation: Tunnel
Generate a new key Int (T): 28800 seconds given to the key Left (T): 28772 seconds
Idle Time Out: 30 Minutes idling left: 29 Minutes
TX Bytes: 1200 bytes Rx: 1200
TX pkts: Rx 20 Pkts: 20
Static NAT - Transparent tunnel on the VPN Client (IPsec, TCP)
- The VPN Client connections are functioning normally. Even if the host Staticly using a NAT VPN Client does not need TCP encapsulation it is always used if your connection of the VPN Client profile is configured to use (tab in the Transport of the client software)
Username: Index: 27
Public IP address 10.0.1.2 assigned IP::
Protocol: IKEv1 IPsecOverTCP
IKEv1:
Tunnel ID: 27.1
The UDP Src Port: 61575 UDP Dst Port: 500
IKE Neg Mode: Aggressive Auth Mode: preSharedKeys
Encryption: AES 256 hash: SHA1
Generate a new key Int (T): 28800 seconds given to the key Left (T): 28790 seconds
Group D/H: 2
Name of the filter:
Client OS: Windows NT Client OS worm: 5.0.07.0290
IPsecOverTCP:
Tunnel ID: 27.2
Local addr: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0
Remote addr: 10.0.1.2/255.255.255.255/0/0
Encryption: AES 256 hash: SHA1
Encapsulation: Tunnel TCP Src Port: 61575
The TCP Dst Port: 10000
Generate a new key Int (T): 28800 seconds given to the key Left (T): 28790 seconds
Idle Time Out: 30 Minutes idling left: 30 Minutes
TX Bytes: 120 bytes Rx: 120
TX pkts: Rx 2 Pkts: 2
VPN device with a public IP address directly connected (as a customer VPN) to an ASA
Username: Index: 491
Assigned IP: 172.31.1.239 public IP address:
Protocol: IPsec IKE
IKE:
Tunnel ID: 491.1
The UDP Src Port: 500 UDP Dst Port: 500
IKE Neg Mode: Aggressive Auth Mode: preSharedKeys
Encryption: 3DES hash: SHA1
Generate a new key Int (T): 86400 seconds given to the key Left (T): 71016 seconds
Group D/H: 2
Name of the filter:
IPsec:
Tunnel ID: 491.2
Local addr: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0
Remote addr: 172.31.1.239/255.255.255.255/0/0
Encryption: AES128 hash: SHA1
Encapsulation: Tunnel
Generate a new key Int (T): 28800 seconds given to the key Left (T): 12123 seconds
Generate a new key Int (D): 4608000 K-bytes given to the key Left (D): 4607460 K-bytes
Idle Time Out: 0 Minutes idling left: 0 Minutes
TX Bytes: bytes 3767854 Rx: 7788633
TX pkts: 56355 Pkts Rx: 102824
Above are examples for your reference. I must also say that I am absolutely not an expert when it comes to virtual private networks in general. I had to learn two firewall/vpn basically on my own, as during my studies, we had no classes related to them (which was quite strange).
While I learned how to set up VPN and troubleshoot them I think I missed on the basic theory. I had plans to get the title Associates CCNA/CCNP certifications but at the moment everything is possible. Don't have the time for it.
I guess that you already go to the VPN security CCNP Exam?
Hope this helps and I hope that I didn't get anything wrong above
-Jouni
-
Can VPN site-to-site with just 1 static IP address in PIX?
Hi all
Can I use pix for VPN with just 1 static IP address as follows:
LAN-A---PIX1---INTERNET---PIX2---LAN-B
Just PIX1 has static IP, PIX2 use DHCP from ISP. I have the config this type of VPN with another brand equipment. But the use of PIX, I just VPN config with both ends have a static IP and I can't find any information in the web site. Because when config VPN site-to-site I have to use the command 'same game '.
Can someone tell me how can I do with PIX? Thank you!
Best regards
Teru Lei
You just need to set up a dynamic encryption on PIX 1 card and a card standard encryption with a peer 'set' on 2 PIX. Here is an example configuration:
http://www.Cisco.com/warp/public/110/dynamicpix.html
Note that it also has VPN connection clients in 1 PIX (Lion), so forget all orders of "vpngroup" that you see in his configuration cause, they are not necessary for your scenario.
-
PIX 501 and VPN Linksys router (WRV200)
I inherited a work where we have a Cisco PIX 501 firewall to a single site and Linksys WRV200 Router VPN on two other
sites. Asked me to connect these routers Linksys firewall PIX via the VPN.
According to me, the Linksys vpn routers can only connect via IPSec VPN, I'm looking for help on the configuration of the PIX 501 for the linksys to connect with the following, if possible.
Key exchange method: Auto (IKE)
Encryption: Auto, 3DES, AES128, AES192, AES256
Authentication: MD5
Pre Shared Key: xxx
PFS: Enabled
Life ISAKMP key: 28800
Life of key IPSec: 3600
The pix, I installed MDP and I tried to use the VPN wizard without result.
I chose the following settings when you make the VPN Wizard:
Type of VPN: remote VPN access
Interface: outside
Type of Client VPN device used: Cisco VPN Client
(can choose customer of Cisco VPN 3000, MS Windows Client by using the client MS Windows using L2TP, PPTP)
VPN clients group
Name of Group: RabyEstates
Pre Shared Key: rabytest
Scope of the Client authentication: disabled
Address pool
Name of the cluster: VPN - LAN
Starter course: 192.168.2.200
End of row: 192.168.2.250
Domain DNS/WINS/by default: no
IKE policy
Encryption: 3DES
Authentication: MD5
Diffie-Hellman group: Group 2 (1024 bits)
Transform set
Encryption: 3DES
Authentication: MD5
I have attached the log of the VPN Linksys router VPN.
This is the first time that I have ever worked with PIX so I'm still trying to figure the thing to, but I'm confident with the CCNA level network.
Thanks for your help!
Hello
Everything looks fine for me, try to have a computer in every network and ping between them. Check the newspapers/debug and fix them.
Let me know.
See you soon,.
Daniel
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