Index organized Tables

What is logical rowid in IOT? are they kept physically somwhere like physical rowId

What are secondary indexes?

what he meant by leaves block splits? When and how it happens?

and the primary key for a table in index constraint cannot be abandoned, delayed or off, is this true, if yes then Y

How overflow works? how the two clauses are implemented PCTTHRESHOLD and INCLUDING.how they work?

Published by: Juhi on October 22, 2008 13:09

I'm sort of tempted to simply point you in the direction of the official documentation (concepts guide would be a start. See http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28318/schema.htm#sthref759)

But I would say one or two other things.

First, physical ROWID not is not physically stored. I don't know why you would think they were. Certainly the ROWID data type can store a rowid if you choose to do, but if you do something like "select rowid from scott.emp", for example, you will see the ROWID that are generated on the fly. ROWID is a pseudo-column, not physically stored anywhere, but calculated each time as needed.

The difference between a physical rowid and logic used with IOT boils down to a bit of relational database theory. It is a rule in melting of relational databases that a line, once inserted into a table, must never move. In other words, the identifier that is assigned at the time of his first insertion, must be the rowid he "keeps" for ever and ever. If you ever want to change the assigned lines in an ordinary table ROWID, you must export them, truncate the table, and then reinsert them: Insert charges, fees rowid. (Oracle bend this rule for various purposes of maintenance and management, according to which 'allow the movement of line"allows lines without a table, but the general case is still valid for most).

This rule is obviously hopeless for the index structures. It was true, an index entry for "Bob" which is updated to "Robert" would find next to the entries for 'Adam' and 'Charlie', even though she now has a value of 'R '. Effectively, 'line' a 'b' in an index must be allowed to "move" a sort of 'r' of the block if it's the kind of update that takes place. (In practice, an update to an index entry consists of performing a delete followed by a re - insert, but the physicalities do not change the principle: 'lines' in an index must be allowed to move if their value is changed; rows of a table do not move, no matter what happens to their values)

An IOT is, at the end of the day, simply an index with columns much more in it that a 'normal' index would - he, too, has thus allow its entires (his 'rows', if you like) to move. Therefore, an IOT cannot use a standard ROWID, which is assigned only once and forever. Instead, one must use something that takes into account that its lines may wander. It's the logical rowid. It is not more 'physical' as a physical rowid - or are physically stored anywhere. But a 'physical' rowid is invariable; a logic is not. Logic, it is actually built in part of the primary key of the ITO - and this is the main reason why you can never get rid of the primary key on the IOT constraint. Be allowed to do would be to you to destroy an organizing principle for its content which has an IOT.

(See the section called "The virtual ROWID" and continued on this page: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28318/datatype.htm#CNCPT1845)

IOT so their data stored inside in the primary key order. But they only contain the primary key, but all the other columns in the definition of 'table' too. Therefore, just as with an ordinary table, you might sometimes find data on columns that are NOT part of the first key - and in this case, you might well these columns non-primary keys are indexed. Therefore, you create ordinary index on those columns - at this point, you create an index in an index, really, but it's a secondary question, too! These additional indices are called 'secondary index', simply because they are "subsidiary clues" in the main proceedings, which is the 'picture' himself laid out in the primary key order.

Finally, a split block of sheets is simply what happens when you have to make room for the new data in an index block which is already filled to overflowing with the existing data. Imagine an index block may not contain four entries, for example. Fill you with entries for Adam, Bob, Charlie, David. Now, you insert a new record of 'Brian '. If it's a table, you can take Brian to a new block you like: data from a table have no positional sense. But the entries of an index MUST have positional significance: you can't just throw MC Bean and Brian in the middle of a lot of Roberts, bristling. Brian DOIT pass between the existing entries for Bob and Charlie. Still you can not just put him in the middle of these two, because then you'd have five entries in a block, not four, which we imagined for the moment to be maximally allowed. So what to do? What you do is: get an empty block. Move Charlie and David entries in the new block. Now you have two blocks: Adam-Bob and Charlie David. Each has only two entries, so each has two 'spaces' to accept new entries. Now you have room to add in the entry for Brian... and if you end up with Adam-Bob-Brian and Charlie David.

The process of moving the index entries in a single block in a new one so that there is room to allow new entries to be inserted in the middle of existing ones is called a split of block. They occur for other reasons too, so it's just a brilliant of them treatment, but they give you the basic idea. It's because of splits of block that indexes (and thus IOT) see their 'lines' move: Charlie and David started in a single block and ended up in a completely different block due to a new (and completely foreign to them) Insert.

Very well, infinity is simply a means of segregation of data in a separate table segment that would not reasonably be stored in the main segment of the ITO himself. Suppose that you are creating an IOT containing four columns: one, a digital sequence number; two, a varchar2 (10); three, a varchar2 (15); and four, a BLOB. Column 1 is the primary key.

The first three columns are small and relatively compact. The fourth column is a blob of data type - so it could be stored whole, multi-gigabyte-size monsters DVD movies. Do you really want your index segment (because that's what an IOT really is) to ball to the huge dimensions, every time that you add a new line? Probably not. You probably want 1 to 3 columns, stored in the IOT, but column 4 can be struck off the coast to a segment on its own (the overflow segment, actually) and a link (in fact, a physical rowid pointer) can bind to the other. Left to himself, an IOT will cut each column after the a primary key when a record that threatens to consume more than 50% of a block is inserted. However, to keep the main IOT small and compact and yet still contain data of non-primary key, you can change these default settings. INCLUDE, for example, to specify what last non-primary key column should be the point where a record is split between "keep in IOT" and "out to overflow segment." You could say "INCLUDE COL3" in the previous example, so that COL1, COL2 and COL3 remain in the IOT and only COL4 overflows. And PCTTHRESHOLD can be set at, say, 5 or 10 so that you try to assure an IOT block always contains 10 to 20 saves - instead of the 2 you would end up with default if 50% of kicks.

Tags: Database

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    l_name is not null loop

    dbms_output.put_line (' the wages of ' |) L_Name | « est » ||' ='|| TO_CHAR (salary_list (L_Name)));

    L_Name: = salary_list. Next (L_Name);

    end loop;

    end;

    Below is the error

    "Error (2.1): PLS-00103: encountered the symbol") "when expecting one of the following numbers: Remove current exists prior" "

    You people could please check this & tell me that where I'm going wrong.

    Hello

    It seems that you have all the parameters in your stored procedure, so remove the "()" after the name of the procedure.

    create or replace procedure coll_proc
    is
      type salary is table of number index by varchar2(20);
      salary_list salary;
      l_name varchar2(2000);
    begin
      salary_list('Rajnish'):=62000;
      salary_list('Minakshi'):=50000;
      salary_list('Seetha'):=45000;
    
      l_name:= salary_list.first;
      while l_name is not null loop
        dbms_output.put_line('Salary of ' ||l_name|| 'is'||'='|| to_char(salary_list(l_name)));
        l_name:=salary_list.next(l_name);
      end loop;
      end;
    

    I tried this and able to create the procedure

    Procedure created.
    

    Kind regards

    Jitendra

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