Performance of the queries in order to get the most recent price

Happy new year everyone.

I have a table of price in my system that has several awards for each product with the date, the price is entered into force.

I have queries throughout the system to retrieve the most recent actual price for the date of the transaction.

I can find to implement the easiest way is to have a user-defined function to collect the prize.

My problem is that many of my questions have access to large amounts of data (for example, transactions) and my table of prices is also big enough - both have millions of records. Using a Pl/SQL function defined by the user in my query, I get a lot of switching context between SQL and PL/SQL and my questions are not well

Here is an example of code, which simplifies my scenario:

drop table xo_stock_trans;
create table xo_stock_trans (item varchar2(25), trans_date date, quantity number(20,4));
insert into xo_stock_trans values('A',TO_DATE('25-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY'), 4);
insert into xo_stock_trans values('A',TO_DATE('27-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY'), -2);
insert into xo_stock_trans values('A',TO_DATE('28-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY'), 5);
insert into xo_stock_trans values('B',TO_DATE('23-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY'), 20);
insert into xo_stock_trans values('B',TO_DATE('26-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY'), -6);
insert into xo_stock_trans values('B',TO_DATE('29-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY'), 15);
/
-- Generate lots more data
BEGIN
    -- Generate more trans dates
    for r in 1..1000
    LOOP
        insert into xo_stock_trans
        select item, trans_date - r - 7 as  trans_date, ROUND(dbms_random.value(1,50),2) as quantity
        from xo_stock_trans
        where trans_date between TO_DATE('23-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY') AND TO_DATE('29-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY')
          and item in ('A','B');
    END LOOP;
    COMMIT;
    -- generate more items
    for lt in 1..12 
    LOOP
        -- generate C,D, E, items
        INSERT into xo_stock_trans
        SELECT chr(ascii(item)+(lt*2)) as item, trans_date, quantity
        from xo_stock_trans
        where item in ('A','B');
        -- generate A1, A2, B1, B2, etc
        for nm in 1..10
        LOOP
            INSERT INTO xo_stock_trans
            select item || to_char(nm), trans_date, quantity
            from xo_stock_trans
            where length(item) = 1;
        END LOOP;
        COMMIT;
    END LOOP;
    COMMIT;
END;
/
create index xo_stock_trans_ix1 on xo_stock_trans (item);
create index xo_stock_trans_ix2 on xo_stock_trans (trans_date);
exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname =>user, tabname => 'XO_STOCK_TRANS' , estimate_percent => 100, degree => dbms_stats.auto_degree, cascade=>true);
/


drop table xo_prices;
create table xo_prices (item varchar2(25), price_date date, gross_price number(20,4), net_price number(20,4), special_price number(20,4) );
insert into xo_prices values ('A', to_date('01-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY'), 10, 8, 6);
insert into xo_prices values ('A', to_date('25-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY'), 9, 8, 6);
insert into xo_prices values ('A', to_date('26-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY'), 7, 6, 4);
insert into xo_prices values ('B', to_date('01-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY'), 5.50, 4.50, 3);
insert into xo_prices values ('B', to_date('25-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY'), 5.00, 4.00, 3);
insert into xo_prices values ('B', to_date('26-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY'), 3.50, 2.50, 2);
/
-- Generate lots more data
BEGIN
    -- Generate more price dates
    for r in 1..1000
    LOOP
        insert into xo_prices
        select item, price_date - r - 7 as  price_date,gross_price, net_price, special_price
        from xo_prices
        where price_date between TO_DATE('23-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY') AND TO_DATE('29-DEC-2014','DD-MON-YYYY')
          and item in ('A','B');
    END LOOP;
    COMMIT;
    -- generate more items
    for lt in 1..12 
    LOOP
        -- generate C,D, E, items
        INSERT into xo_prices
        SELECT chr(ascii(item)+(lt*2)) as item, price_date, gross_price + (lt*2), net_price + (lt*2), special_price + (lt*2)
        from xo_prices
        where item in ('A','B');
        -- generate A1, A2, B1, B2, etc
        for nm in 1..10
        LOOP
            INSERT INTO xo_prices
            select item || to_char(nm), price_date, gross_price, net_price, special_price
            from xo_prices
            where length(item) = 1;
        END LOOP;
        COMMIT;
    END LOOP;
END;
/

create index xo_prices_ix1 on xo_prices (item, price_date);
exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname =>user, tabname => 'XO_PRICES' , estimate_percent => 100, degree => dbms_stats.auto_degree, cascade=>true);
/

create or replace function xo_get_price(I_Item in VARCHAR2, I_Date in DATE, i_Price_type IN VARCHAR2) RETURN NUMBER
IS
    -- Function to get most recent effective price prior to the date
    CURSOR c_get_prices(P_Item VARCHAR2, P_Date VARCHAR2)
    IS
    SELECT gross_price, net_price, special_price
    FROM XO_PRICES
    WHERE item = P_Item
     AND price_date <= P_Date
    ORDER BY price_date desc; -- most recent price
    
    l_gross_price NUMBER(20,4);
    l_net_price NUMBER(20,4);
    l_special_price NUMBER(20,4);
BEGIN
    OPEN c_get_prices(I_Item, I_Date);
    FETCH c_get_prices INTO l_gross_price, l_net_price, l_special_price;
    CLOSe c_get_prices;
    
    IF I_Price_Type='GROSS' then return l_gross_price;
    ELSIF I_Price_Type= 'NET' then return l_net_price;
    ELSIF I_Price_Type= 'SPECIAL' then return l_special_price;
    END IF;
END xo_get_price;
/

-- Here is a typical query I am trying to perform
select tr.item, tr.trans_date, tr.quantity
    , xo_get_price(tr.item, tr.trans_date, 'GROSS') as gross_price
    , xo_get_price(tr.item, tr.trans_date, 'NET') as net_price
    , xo_get_price(tr.item, tr.trans_date, 'SPECIAL') as special_price
from xo_stock_trans tr
where tr.trans_date between '01-AUG-2014' and '31-AUG-2014';

I would like to refactor my request so that I do not use the user Pl/SQL functions, but so far I can't get something that works better than the SQL above. For example, the following query is MUCH longer:

select tr.item, tr.trans_date, tr.quantity
    , pr.gross_price
    , pr.net_price
    , pr.special_price
from xo_stock_trans tr
join xo_prices pr on pr.item = tr.item
                and pr.price_date = (select max(pr2.price_date)
                                     from xo_prices pr2
                                     where pr2.item = pr.item
                                       and pr2.price_date <= tr.trans_date
                                     )
where tr.trans_date between '01-AUG-2014' and '31-AUG-2014';

I'm interested to know if anyone has addressed a similar scenario and have managed to write more efficient code.

I looked at the determinism/manual caching of the function, but the article/date combinations are quite unique and therefore he does not benefit from him.

Any suggestion under review - parallelism, analytical, pipeline functions, etc.

Alan

Hi, Alan.

Alan Lawlor wrote:

...

My problem is that many of my questions have access to large amounts of data (for example, transactions) and my table of prices is also big enough - both have millions of records. Using a Pl/SQL function defined by the user in my query, I get a lot of switching context between SQL and PL/SQL and my questions are not well...

You got that right!  User-defined functions can be very practical, but this practice comes with a price.

What version of Oracle are you using?  The Oracle 12, there is a new feature of 'temporal validity' which may help you.

In any version, it will be much faster if you add a new column to the xo_prices table.  You can call this end_date, although it would in fact be the date when some other prices took effect.  You might put DATE' 9999-12-31 in the column end_date for current prices.  You can calculate end_date using the analytical function of LEAD.  Be sure to re-calcluate end_date when you insert new rows into xo_prices, or when you update the dates on existing lines.

Once you have PRICE_DATE and end_date in the XO_PRICES table, you can join this table to get the real price from d by including

AND d > = xo_prices.price_date

AND d< >

in the join condition.

In some situations, especially when you don't have much different (item, dates) combinations, scalar-sub-queries could be faster than joins.

Whatever it is, it participates without PL/SQL, so there is no context switching.

Tags: Database

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(
  CHAR_LOG_ID          NUMBER(10)               NOT NULL,
  PIRM_ID              VARCHAR2(8)              NOT NULL,
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   (CHAR_LOG_ID, PIRM_ID, CONSTANT_FLAG, CHARACTERISTIC_NAME, TYPE_NAME, NEW_VALUE, MODIFIED_BY, MODIFIED_ON)
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   (6646014, '0307490N', 'Y', 'CAP ALARM INHIBITED', 'PS2030/WVL', 'null', 'PAUL DEVERILL', TO_DATE('01/06/2011 12:56:17', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS'));
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   (CHAR_LOG_ID, PIRM_ID, CONSTANT_FLAG, CHARACTERISTIC_NAME, TYPE_NAME, NEW_VALUE, UOM, MODIFIED_BY, MODIFIED_ON)
 Values
   (6646015, '0307490N', 'N', 'OUTPUT VOLTAGE', 'PS2030/WVL', '55', 'VOLTS', 'PAUL DEVERILL', TO_DATE('01/06/2011 12:56:17', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS'));
Insert into LOG_ITEM_CHARACTERISTICS
   (CHAR_LOG_ID, PIRM_ID, CONSTANT_FLAG, CHARACTERISTIC_NAME, TYPE_NAME, NEW_VALUE, MODIFIED_BY, MODIFIED_ON)
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   (6646016, '0307490N', 'Y', 'YR ROUTINES REQUIRED', 'PS2030/WVL', 'null', 'PAUL DEVERILL', TO_DATE('01/06/2011 12:56:17', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS'));
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   (CHAR_LOG_ID, PIRM_ID, CONSTANT_FLAG, CHARACTERISTIC_NAME, TYPE_NAME, NEW_VALUE, UOM, MODIFIED_BY, MODIFIED_ON)
 Values
   (6648578, '0307490N', 'N', 'OUTPUT VOLTAGE', 'PS2030/WVL', '55', 'VOLTS', 'EMPXD88', TO_DATE('01/07/2011 13:35:45', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS'));
Insert into LOG_ITEM_CHARACTERISTICS
   (CHAR_LOG_ID, PIRM_ID, CONSTANT_FLAG, CHARACTERISTIC_NAME, TYPE_NAME, NEW_VALUE, MODIFIED_BY, MODIFIED_ON)
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Insert into LOG_ITEM_CHARACTERISTICS
   (CHAR_LOG_ID, PIRM_ID, CONSTANT_FLAG, CHARACTERISTIC_NAME, TYPE_NAME, NEW_VALUE, MODIFIED_BY, MODIFIED_ON)
 Values
   (6648580, '0307490N', 'Y', 'BATT TEST SET AT 3M', 'PS2030/WVL', 'NULL', 'EMPXD88', TO_DATE('01/07/2011 13:36:00', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS'));
Insert into LOG_ITEM_CHARACTERISTICS
   (CHAR_LOG_ID, PIRM_ID, CONSTANT_FLAG, CHARACTERISTIC_NAME, TYPE_NAME, NEW_VALUE, MODIFIED_BY, MODIFIED_ON)
 Values
   (6648581, '0307490N', 'Y', 'CAP ALARM INHIBITED', 'PS2030/WVL', 'NULL', 'EMPXD88', TO_DATE('01/07/2011 13:36:10', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS'));
Insert into LOG_ITEM_CHARACTERISTICS
   (CHAR_LOG_ID, PIRM_ID, CONSTANT_FLAG, CHARACTERISTIC_NAME, TYPE_NAME, NEW_VALUE, UOM, MODIFIED_BY, MODIFIED_ON)
 Values
   (6648634, '0307490N', 'N', 'MEASURED LOAD ON PER', 'PS2030/WVL', '5', 'AMPS', 'EMPXD88', TO_DATE('01/07/2011 13:51:06', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS'));
Insert into LOG_ITEM_CHARACTERISTICS
   (CHAR_LOG_ID, PIRM_ID, CONSTANT_FLAG, CHARACTERISTIC_NAME, TYPE_NAME, NEW_VALUE, UOM, MODIFIED_BY, MODIFIED_ON)
 Values
   (6648635, '0307490N', 'N', 'OUTPUT VOLTAGE', 'PS2030/WVL', '55', 'VOLTS', 'EMPXD88', TO_DATE('01/07/2011 13:51:06', 'MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS'));
COMMIT;

    user4587979 wrote:
    Hi Frank

    Yes, but I had more than 2 tables with item_characteristics, type_characteristics

    If there are other tables involved, then CREATE TABLE and INSERT statements for them (for the relevant columns only). You must not post a lot of examples of data; usually just a couple of lines per table is enough to show the problem.
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    What I try to do is, I'm comparing new_value in log_item_characteristics (whichever is most recent) with CHR_VALUE in the item_characteristics and the needs of different output values

    I am trying to query is not giving desired out put

    Point out some places where the output is wrong and explain how you get good results in these places, using specific examples from the data sample.

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