buffer of greedy or what?

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  Hello
  
  While trying to understand the mechanisms of the Oracle buffer cache, I ran a little experiment and observed an unexpected result. I believe that my expectation was wrong, and I would be so grateful, if someone could explain to me what I misunderstood.
  From what I understand, a copy of coherent reading (CR) of a buffer in the cache is created, when the old content of a buffer to be read, for example to ignore changes made by a transaction not yet committed when you query a table. I also thought, that copies of CR in the buffer cache can be reused by subsequent queries requiring a roll back image of the corresponding block.
  
  Now, I ran the following experiment on a DB of 10.2 or slowed down.
  1. I create a BC_TEST table (in a non-SAMS tablespace)
  -> V$ BH shows an A buffer with XCUR status for this table - V$ BH. COURSE number is 4, which indicates a segment according to various sources on the internet header.
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  -> Now V$ BH shows 8 pads with XCUR status attached to the BC_TEST table. I think it's the blocks of a certain extent be allocated to the table (I expected as a block of data to load into the cache in addition to the header that was already there in step 1). There are still buffers with CLASS A # = 4 of step 1, a buffer B with XCUR and CLASS status # = 1, which indicates a block of data, according to various sources on the internet, and other 6 blocks with FREE status and CLASS # = 14 (this value is decoded differently in different sources on the internet).
  3 session 2 emits a ' select * from bc_test ".
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  Note: with a slight variation of the experience, if I don't "select * from bc_test" in Session 2 between step 1 and 2, and then then I only get CR 1 copy in step 3 (I expect).
  4 session 2 issues "select * from bc_test"new"
  -> V$ BH presents yet another extra stamp with CR and the same FILE status #/ BLOCK # as buffer B step 2 (i.e. 3 these buffers in total). Here I don't understand, why the request cannot reuse the CR copy already created in step 3 (which already shows B buffer without changes to the transaction not posted in step 2).
  5 session 2 questions repeatedly ' select * from bc_test "new"
  --> The number of buffers with CR and the same FILE status #/ BLOCK # as buffer B step 2 increases by one with each additional request up to a total of 5. After that, the number of these buffers remains constant after additional queries. However various session statistics 2 ("consistent gets", "Blocks created CR", "the consistent changes", "data blocks consistent reads - undo records applied," "no work - gets consistent reading") suggests, that session 2 continues to generate copies of current reading with each "select * of bc_test" (are the buffers in the buffer cache may simply be reused from there on?).
  
  
  
  To summarize, I have the following question:
  (I) why the insertion of a single line (in step 2) load 8 blocks in the buffer cache - and what does the CLASS # = 14 indicate?
  (II) why the first select statement on the table (step 3) creates 2 copies of CR (use single) data block of the table (instead of one as I expect)?
  (III)) why other issues create copies of CR of this block of data that is unique (instead of reusing the copy created by the first select statement CR)?
  (IV) which limits the number of CR created copies to 5 (is there some parameter checking this value, it is according to some sizing of the cache or is it simply hard-coded)?
  (V) what exactly triggers the creation of a copy of CR of a buffer in the buffer cache?
  
  Thank you very much for any answer
  Kind regards
  Martin
  
  P.S. Please find below the Protocol of my experience
  
  --------------------------------------------------
  Control session
  --------------------------------------------------
  SQL > drop table bc_test;
  
  Deleted table.
  
  SQL > create table bc_test (collar number (9)) tablespace local01;
  
  Table created.
  
  SQL > SELECT bh.file #, bh.block #, bh.class #, bh.status, bh.dirty, bh.temp, bh.ping, bh.stale, bh.direct, bh.new
  2 from V$ BH bh
  3, o dba_objects
  4. WHERE bh. OBJD = o.data_object_id
  5 and o.object_name = 'BC_TEST. '
  6 order of bh.block #;
  
  FOLDER # BLOCK # CLASS # STATUS D T P S D N
  5 209 4 xcur O N N N N N
  
  
  --------------------------------------------------
  Session 1
  --------------------------------------------------
  SQL > insert into bc_test values (1);
  
  1 line of creation.
  
  --------------------------------------------------
  Control session
  --------------------------------------------------
  
  SQL > /.
  
  FOLDER # BLOCK # CLASS # STATUS D T P S D N
  5 209 4 xcur O N N N N N
  5 210 1 xcur O N N N N N
  5 211 14 free N N N N N N
  5 212 14 free N N N N N N
  5 213 14 free N N N N N N
  5 214 14 free N N N N N N
  5 215 14 free N N N N N N
  5 216 14 free N N N N N N
  
  8 selected lines.
  
  --------------------------------------------------
  Session 2
  --------------------------------------------------
  
  SQL > select * from bc_test;
  
  no selected line
  
  
  Statistics
  ----------------------------------------------------------
  28 recursive calls
  0 db block Gets
  Gets 13 coherent
  0 physical reads
  size of roll forward 172
  272 bytes sent via SQL * Net to client
  374 bytes received via SQL * Net from client
  1 SQL * Net back and forth to and from the client
  0 sorts (memory)
  0 sorts (disk)
  0 rows processed
  
  --------------------------------------------------
  Control session
  --------------------------------------------------
  SQL > /.
  
  FOLDER # BLOCK # CLASS # STATUS D T P S D N
  5 209 4 xcur N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 xcur N N N N N N
  5 211 14 free N N N N N N
  5 212 14 free N N N N N N
  5 213 14 free N N N N N N
  5 214 14 free N N N N N N
  
  8 selected lines.
  
  --------------------------------------------------
  Session 2
  --------------------------------------------------
  SQL > /.
  
  no selected line
  
  
  Statistics
  ----------------------------------------------------------
  0 recursive calls
  0 db block Gets
  Gets 5 in accordance
  0 physical reads
  size of roll forward 108
  272 bytes sent via SQL * Net to client
  374 bytes received via SQL * Net from client
  1 SQL * Net back and forth to and from the client
  0 sorts (memory)
  0 sorts (disk)
  0 rows processed
  
  SQL >
  
  --------------------------------------------------
  Control session
  --------------------------------------------------
  SQL > /.
  
  FOLDER # BLOCK # CLASS # STATUS D T P S D N
  5 209 4 xcur N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 xcur O N N N N N
  5 211 14 free N N N N N N
  5 213 14 free N N N N N N
  5 214 14 free N N N N N N
  
  8 selected lines.
  
  SQL >
  
  
  --------------------------------------------------
  Session 2
  --------------------------------------------------
  SQL > select * from bc_test;
  
  no selected line
  
  
  Statistics
  ----------------------------------------------------------
  0 recursive calls
  0 db block Gets
  Gets 5 in accordance
  0 physical reads
  size of roll forward 108
  272 bytes sent via SQL * Net to client
  374 bytes received via SQL * Net from client
  1 SQL * Net back and forth to and from the client
  0 sorts (memory)
  0 sorts (disk)
  0 rows processed
  
  SQL >
  
  --------------------------------------------------
  Control session
  --------------------------------------------------
  SQL > /.
  
  FOLDER # BLOCK # CLASS # STATUS D T P S D N
  5 209 4 xcur N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 xcur O N N N N N
  5 211 14 free N N N N N N
  5 213 14 free N N N N N N
  
  8 selected lines.
  
  --------------------------------------------------
  Session 2
  --------------------------------------------------
  SQL > select * from bc_test;
  
  no selected line
  
  
  Statistics
  ----------------------------------------------------------
  0 recursive calls
  0 db block Gets
  Gets 5 in accordance
  0 physical reads
  size of roll forward 108
  272 bytes sent via SQL * Net to client
  374 bytes received via SQL * Net from client
  1 SQL * Net back and forth to and from the client
  0 sorts (memory)
  0 sorts (disk)
  0 rows processed
  
  --------------------------------------------------
  Control session
  --------------------------------------------------
  SQL > /.
  
  FOLDER # BLOCK # CLASS # STATUS D T P S D N
  5 209 4 xcur N N N N N N
  5 210 1 xcur O N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 211 14 free N N N N N N
  5 213 14 free N N N N N N
  
  9 selected lines.
  
  --------------------------------------------------
  Session 2
  --------------------------------------------------
  SQL > select * from bc_test;
  
  no selected line
  
  
  Statistics
  ----------------------------------------------------------
  0 recursive calls
  0 db block Gets
  Gets 5 in accordance
  0 physical reads
  size of roll forward 108
  272 bytes sent via SQL * Net to client
  374 bytes received via SQL * Net from client
  1 SQL * Net back and forth to and from the client
  0 sorts (memory)
  0 sorts (disk)
  0 rows processed
  
  SQL >
  
  --------------------------------------------------
  Control session
  --------------------------------------------------
  SQL > /.
  
  FOLDER # BLOCK # CLASS # STATUS D T P S D N
  5 209 4 xcur N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 xcur O N N N N N
  
  7 selected lines.
  
  --------------------------------------------------
  Session 2
  --------------------------------------------------
  SQL > /.
  
  no selected line
  
  
  Statistics
  ----------------------------------------------------------
  0 recursive calls
  0 db block Gets
  Gets 5 in accordance
  0 physical reads
  size of roll forward 108
  272 bytes sent via SQL * Net to client
  374 bytes received via SQL * Net from client
  1 SQL * Net back and forth to and from the client
  0 sorts (memory)
  0 sorts (disk)
  0 rows processed
  
  SQL >
  
  --------------------------------------------------
  Control session
  --------------------------------------------------
  SQL > /.
  
  FOLDER # BLOCK # CLASS # STATUS D T P S D N
  5 209 4 xcur N N N N N N
  5 210 1 xcur O N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  5 210 1 cr N N N N N N
  
  7 selected lines.

  What version of 10.2, on what platform, and enabled to RAC? What exactly was the tablespace definition?

  (I) why the insertion of a single line (in step 2) load 8 blocks in the buffer cache - and what does the CLASS # = 14 indicate?

  It sounds like you may have formatted all of the first measure - assuming that you use 8 KB blocks and allocated system extended. But it didn't happen when I checked 10.2.0.3 on a version of the single instance of the Oracle.

  Class 14 is interpreted as "unused" in all versions of Oracle that I saw. This would be consistent with the formatting, but it bringing is not below the high water mark. You could ' alter system dump datafile N block min X block max Y' for the segment header block, the block used and unused block in the discharge.

  (II) why the first select statement on the table (step 3) creates 2 copies of CR (use single) data block of the table (instead of one as I expect)?

  Maybe because the first copy clean uncommitted transactions and clones of the second copy of the result to return to a given SNA - but that's just a guess, I had not noticed this behavior before, so I have to do some experiments to find out why it's happening.

  (III)) why other issues create copies of CR of this block of data that is unique (instead of reusing the copy created by the first select statement CR)?

  The first block of CR you create includes a moment earlier that the beginning of the second query, so your session must start from the current. If you have set the isolation level to fix SNA session (for example, "set transaction read only") before the first application, in my view, you would see that the copies of CR will not increase after the initial creation.

  (IV) which limits the number of CR created copies to 5 (is there some parameter checking this value, what is according to some sizing of the cache or is simply badly coded)?

  Hidden parameter Dbblock_max_cr_dba which, by default, is 6. The code still does not seem to obey this limit, but generally you will see only 6 copies of a block in the buffer.

  (V) what exactly triggers the creation of a copy of CR of a buffer in the buffer cache?

  There are at least two options - (a) a session needs to see a copy of a block with recent changes removed, either because they are uncommitted transactions, the session needs to see the block he was when he started to run a particular query or transaction, (b) a session changed a block when he gets hold of the current version - and in certain circumstances (possibly when the update is through a analysis), it will make a copy of the block, mark the previous CR copy, mark the new copy as xcur, and change the copy.

  Incidentally, xcur is a RAC status - it is possible to have blocks in the buffer which are xcur, but not "obtained in current mode.

  Concerning
  Jonathan Lewis

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  SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line('hello...');
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  SQL> begin
    2    dbms_output.put_line('hello...');
    3  end;
    4  /
  hello...
  
  PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
  
  SQL> /
  hello...
  
  PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
  
  SQL> exec dbms_output.put_line('Hello..How are you? ');
  Hello..How are you?
  
  PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
  
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  hello...
  
  PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
  
  SQL>
  

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  I happened to use this routine in the past to accomplish a task like yours:

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  ((* (buf + 2))< 16) ="">
  ((*(buf + 1))< 8)="">
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  Hello, all,.

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  Thanks for any help.

  Ted

  Houde, dai wrote:
  [...]

  The data received with VISA read are unstable even without connection to the other party, as the screenshot displayed. [...]

  With best wishes,

  Ted

  Ted,

  What do you mean by 'unstable '? And I saw that in your simple loop VI, you are always empty the buffer after each reading, what you don't do in the loop number VI. Maybe it's the origin of the problem.

  However, IF the rinse, the root cause is not VI, but your connection (or the equivalent of your program). Since removes VISA Read already the amount of reading of data from the buffer, the data must be resent / captured again in the buffer...

  hope this helps,

  Norbert