condition "after" versus "after CONNECT".

What is the difference in sematics/sense/result if condition "T.COL1 is null" is written after paragraph "connect by", or, after "where" - would adopt?
See the query below.
Thank you.


Select *.
FROM table1 T
where T.COL1 is null
Start with T.PARENT_ID is null
connect by prior g.PARENT_ID = T.ID and T.COL1 is null;

Published by: CharlesRoos on January 11, 2010 02:20

Hello
The CONNECT BY of a query part is made before the clause WHERE is evaluated. (Except for the join conditions. See message from Rob, 2nd after this one).
Conditions in the CONNECT BY clause may remove a node and its descendants (i.e. any node that is linked to the root through the removed node), but conditions in a clause WHERE only a single line.

There are so few NULL values in the table scott.emp "col1 IS NULL" condition will not be a good example.
There is nothing special about this condition, so I'll use the condition "jpob!" = 'MANAGER' ' instead. If that confuses you, create a copy of the table scott.emp, but change the work with null for all managers.

This is a CONNECT BY querying base, which includes the entire hierarchy starting with the KING:

PROMPT     Query 1: No condition concerning job

SELECT     LPAD ( ' '
          , 3 * (LEVEL - 1)
          ) || ename          AS i_ename
,     LEVEL
,     empno
,     mgr
,     job
FROM     scott.emp
START WITH     ename     = 'KING'
CONNECT BY     mgr     = PRIOR empno
;

Query 1: No condition concerning job

I_ENAME                   LEVEL      EMPNO        MGR JOB
-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
KING                          1       7839            PRESIDENT
   JONES                      2       7566       7839 MANAGER
      SCOTT                   3       7788       7566 ANALYST
         ADAMS                4       7876       7788 CLERK
      FORD                    3       7902       7566 ANALYST
         SMITH                4       7369       7902 CLERK
   BLAKE                      2       7698       7839 MANAGER
      ALLEN                   3       7499       7698 SALESMAN
      WARD                    3       7521       7698 SALESMAN
      MARTIN                  3       7654       7698 SALESMAN
      TURNER                  3       7844       7698 SALESMAN
      JAMES                   3       7900       7698 CLERK
   CLARK                      2       7782       7839 MANAGER
      MILLER                  3       7934       7782 CLERK

14 rows selected.

The condition "job! = 'MANAGER' in the WHERE clause eliminates only the 3 rows where job = "MANAGER":
{code}
PROMPT query 2: Condition in the WHERE clause

SELECT LPAD (' ' ')
3 * (LEVEL - 1)
) || Ename AS i_ename
LEVEL
empno
Bishop
work
FROM scott.emp
WHERE job! = 'MANAGER '.
START WITH ename = 'KING '.
CONNECT BY PRIOR empno = mgr
;

Query 2: Condition in the WHERE clause

I_ENAME LEVEL EMPNO, MGR JOB
-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
KING 1 7839 PRESIDENT
ANALYST SCOTT 3-7788-7566
4 7876 7788 CLERK ADAMS
3-7902-7566 FORD ANALYST
CLERK 4 7369 7902 SMITH
SELLER OF ALLEN 3-7499-7698
SELLER OF WARD 3-7521-7698
3 7654 7698 SELLER MARTIN
SELLER OF 7698 7844 3 TURNER
3 7900 7698 CLERK JAMES
CLERK 3 7934 7782 MILLER

11 selected lines.
{code}
Put the same condition in the CONNECT BY clause means that the State is part of what determines a descendant.
X is not a child of is x job is "MANAGER"; so, X will not succeed in the result set and none of the descendants of x will either.
{code}
PROMPT query 3: status of CONNECT BY clause

SELECT LPAD (' ' ')
3 * (LEVEL - 1)
) || Ename AS i_ename
LEVEL
empno
Bishop
work
FROM scott.emp
START WITH ename = 'KING '.
CONNECT BY PRIOR empno = mgr
AND job! = 'MANAGER '.
;

Query 3: Condition CONNECT BY clause

I_ENAME LEVEL EMPNO, MGR JOB
-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
KING 1 7839 PRESIDENT
{code}
Note that this does not affect the roots. In query 4, below is the same 3 query above, except that the START WITH JONES, makes no mention of KING.
{code}
PROMPT query 4: CONNECT BY clause Condition does not affect the root

SELECT LPAD (' ' ')
3 * (LEVEL - 1)
) || Ename AS i_ename
LEVEL
empno
Bishop
work
FROM scott.emp
START WITH ename = 'JONES '.
CONNECT BY PRIOR empno = mgr
AND job! = 'MANAGER '.
;

Request 4: CONNECT BY clause Condition does not affect the root

I_ENAME LEVEL EMPNO, MGR JOB
-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
1 7566 7839 JONES MANAGER
2 7788 7566 ANALYST SCOTT
3 7876 7788 CLERK ADAMS
2 7902 7566 FORD ANALYST
CLERK 3 7369 7902 SMITH
{code}
JONES is in the result set, despite being a MANAGER.
It is not that JONES is not considered a child of someone else. JONES has not raised through the CONNECT BY clause, only the START WITH clause.

Published by: Frank Kulash, 11 January 2010 09:46

As Rob said, join in the WHERE clause conditions are performed before START WITH and CONNECT BY. Sorry, I forgot to mention that.
When you join a CONNECT BY query, it is usually more effective to do CONNECT BY in a subquery, then join the results for the other tables, if possible.

Tags: Database

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